物权法视野下我国海运货物留置权之历史变迁与未来展望  

Historical Changes and Future Prospects of Lien on Sea Cargoes in China from the Perspective of Real Right Law

作　　者：徐峰[1] XU Feng(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期104-113,共10页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：上海市艺术科学规划重点、项目(ZD2018G01):上海邮轮文化培育与法律保障研究;上海市人民政府决策咨询研究重点专项课题(2019-AZ-006):长三角自贸区航运政策联动与创新研究;上海市人民政府决策咨询研究邮轮经济专项课题(2018-Z-J11):我国邮轮营运安全保障立法的可行性研究;中国法学会世界贸易组织法研究会项目(CLS2018WTOZX09):WTO框架下中国自由贸易港法律创新研究。

摘　　要：立足于物权法的视野梳理我国海运货物留置权的历史变迁。就货物留置权的范围而言,不同国家与地区海商法与民商法的规定存在差异。在我国,相关物权法律与《海商法》规定的不明确催生了普通货物与海运货物留置权之间的冲突,司法实践认为:海运货物留置权的行使仅针对货方"所有"的货物。与法定留置相比,合同留置遵循"法无禁止即可为":允许当事双方约定扩大留置的范围。就货物留置权成立的前提而言,《物权法》中的商事留置权制度并未应用于海运货物留置的相关案件。与之相比,英国法允许当事双方通过合同约定"一般留置权",使得货物的留置不必受限于"牵连关系"。我国《海商法》的修改应当遵循这种历史流变:在法定留置权方面,充分尊重相关司法实践;在合同留置权方面,允许当事双方约定留置范围与留置前提,从而体现司法与立法上的效率性。From the perspective of real right law,the historical changes of lien on sea cargoes in China are analyzed.As far as the scope of lien on cargoes is concerned,there are differences between maritime law and civil law in different countries and districts.In our country,the ambiguity of the relevant real right law and the maritime law results in the conflict between the lien of general cargoes and sea cargoes.The judicial practice holds that the enforcement of the lien on sea cargoes is only for those which are“owned”by the merchant.Compared with the legal lien,the contract lien follows the principle of“All is permissible unless prohibited”:allowing the parties to agree on the scope of the lien.As far as the precondition of the establishment of the lien on cargoes is concerned,the commercial lien in the real right law has not been applied to the relevant cases of lien on sea cargoes.In contrast,British law allows the parties to agree on a“general lien”by contract,so that the lien isn't limited to the“implicated relationship”.The revision of Chinese Maritime Law shall follow this historical trend:in terms of legal lien,we should fully respect the relevant judicial practice,in terms of contract lien,we need to allow the parties to agree on the scope and precondition of lien,so as to reflect the efficiency of justice and legislation.

关 键 词：海运货物 留置权 留置范围 留置前提 效率性 

分 类 号：DF961.9[政治法律—国际法学]