论先秦两汉之“鸱鸮”--兼及汉画像石鸱鸮图像的场景解释  

Human’s Impression on Owl of the Pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties——as a Scene Explanation of Han Dynasty Stone Portraits on the Appearance of Owl

作　　者：李建雄[1] LI Jian-xiong(School of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津津南300350

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期8-14,共7页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：2019年度国家艺术基金项目(2019-A-04-(072)-0614):科技美术考古学人才培养资助。

摘　　要：先秦两汉古人对猫头鹰长于捕鼠、昼伏夜出、偶尔腐食、凶猛擅挚、鸣声诡异等习性都有认识,并因此在文学作品中赋予其昏聩少智、贪墨无操、凶恶不孝等气质。"鸱鸮"意象在时人观念中是非常矛盾的存在,一方面它们被视作不孝之鸟、不祥之兆遭到围猎、厌弃;另一方面,它们的捕鼠特长又为人所用,许多日用器具都写照其形以作贪饕之戒。更有甚者,士人中还多有仿其动作养形练仙的。这种矛盾充分体现在汉画像石鸱鸮形象的出场原因和位置安排上。The ancients in Pre-Qin and Han dynasties knew that owls were good at catching mice,slept during the day and came out at night.They also knew that owls’were occasionally scavenging,being fierce and good at hunting,and made strange noises.Therefore,owls were endowed with such traits as doting,lacking intelligence,being greedy and low in character,being vicious and unfilial in literary works.The image of"owl"is a very contradictory existence in the concept of people at that time.On the one hand,theywere hunted and rejected for being regarding as unfilial birds and bad omens.On the other hand,they were good at catching mice to serve people.Many daily appliances were depicted in their shape as a warning to gluttonous people.What’s more,many scholars imitated owls’actions,as if they could be immortals by doing exercise like owls.This contradiction is fully reflected in the appearance of owl and their location arrangement on Han dynasty stone portraits.

关 键 词：鸱鸮 诫贪 鸱视 导引升仙 汉画像石 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]