秸秆深翻还田对不同地区玉米(Zea mays L.)生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Straw Ploughing on the Growth and Yield of Maize in Different Regions

作　　者：田文博 于寒[1] 谷岩[1] 刘亚亮[1] 陈龙 刘玮斌 吴春胜[1] 胡文河[1] Tian Wenbo;Yu Han;Gu Yan;Liu Yaliang;Chen Long;Liu Weibin;Wu Chunsheng;Hu Wenhe(College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,130118)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第7期2416-2422,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300607);吉林省科技发展计划(20170520092JH);吉林省玉米产业技术体系共同资助。

摘　　要：本试验材料为‘翔玉998’,分别在松原和九台地区设秸秆全量深翻还田和秸秆不还田两个处理,研究玉米株高,穗位高、叶面积指数及干物质积累与分配的动态变化。结果表明,松原和九台地区秸秆深翻还田下的株高及穗位高都大于秸秆不还田处理,但差异不显著。通过秸秆深翻还田处理下玉米叶面积指数的峰值有明显提高,都显著高于对照处理,同时成熟期的干物质量均明显大于对照处理。两地区地上部物质运转与分配上表现趋势一致,都是茎、叶中干物质运转率较高,且对籽粒贡献率也较大,但九台地区的干物质转运量相比对照提高最大;对比产量数据,两地区在秸秆深翻还田方式下的玉米产量都高于对照。最终得出结论秸秆深翻还田对玉米生长发育及产量的提升有一定促进作用,但是对其株高和穗位高影响程度不明显。本研究为建立区域秸秆还田体系提供理论帮助和技术支持。The test material is’Xiang yu 998’.In the Songyuan and Jiutai areas,the total amount of straw was turned into the field and the straw was not returned to the field.The plant height,ear height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation and distribution dynamics of maize were studied.The results showed that the plant height and ear height of the straw in the Songyuan and Jiutai areas were higher than that of the straw,but the difference was not significant.The peak area index of corn leaves was significantly improved by straw deep-turning treatment,which was significantly higher than the control treatment,and the dry matter quality at the mature stage was significantly higher than the control treatment.The performance of above-ground material movement and distribution in the two regions was consistent,and the dry matter rate in stems and leaves was higher,and the contribution rate to grain was also larger.However,the dry matter transport volume in Jiutai area was the highest compared with the control.Comparing the yield data,the yield of corn in the two areas under the straw deep-returning method was higher than the control group.Finally,it is concluded that straw deep turnover can promote the growth and yield of maize,but it has no obvious effect on plant height and spike position.This study provides theoretical help and technical support for the establishment of regional straw mulching system.

关 键 词：秸秆深翻还田 叶面积指数 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]