亚慢性饮水砷暴露对发育期大鼠学习记忆与运动能力的影响  

Effects of sub-chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water on learning and memory and motor ability in puberty of rats

作　　者：宋秋楠 郑玉建[1] 马艳[1] 王坤 王永治 SONG Qiu-nan;ZHENG Yu-jian;MA Yan;WANG Kun;WANG Yong-zhi(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2019年第6期491-494,F0003,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01C222);国家自然科学基金(81760568)。

摘　　要：目的探讨亚慢性饮水砷暴露对大鼠神经发育行为的影响及砷致大鼠脑病理形态的改变。方法初断乳SD大鼠(雌雄各半)40只,按体重随机分为四组,每组10只,以亚砷酸钠LD50的1/40、1/20、1/4确定大鼠染毒剂量依次为1、2、10mg/kg,大鼠经自由饮水染砷12周,对照组(0 mg/kg)正常饮水。染砷结束时对大鼠进行Morris水迷宫实验、平衡木实验、悬挂实验;以光镜观察小脑神经元、胶质细胞的病理变化;以电镜观察大脑皮质细胞内结构。结果定位航行实验发现,第2天开始,与0 mg/kg组大鼠相比,2、10 mg/kg染砷组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间延长(P<0.05);第3天开始,10 mg/kg染砷组大鼠比1 mg/kg染砷组逃避潜伏期时间增加(P<0.05);空间搜索结果显示,与0 mg/kg组大鼠比较,10 mg/kg组大鼠记忆能力下降(P<0.05);运动能力测试结果显示,2、10 mg/kg组大鼠平衡能力与前肢悬挂能力均有所下降(P<0.05)。光镜下发现染砷大鼠小脑神经元坏死、胶质细胞增生。电镜下发现染砷组大鼠大脑皮质神经元内部存在不同程度损伤。结论亚慢性饮水砷暴露损伤大鼠的学习记忆与运动能力。Objective To understand the effects of sub-chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water on neurodevelopmental behavior in rats. Methods A total of 40 SD rats(half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups according to their body weight,10 in each group.The exposure doses of sodium arsenate were designed as 1,2 and 10 mg/kg based on1/40,1/20 and 1/4 of LD50,and the rats in the exposure groups were treated with arsenic through drinking water,for 12 consecutive weeks,the control group(0 mg/kg) was given normal water. At the end of experiment,Morris water maze test,balance wood test and suspension test were carried out,the pathological examination of cerebellum neurons and glial cells were conducted by light microscopy,and the internal structure of cerebral cortex cells was observed by electron microscopy. Results The location navigation test showed that the extended incubation period was found in the rats in 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg arsenic exposure groups compared with those of the control group since the 2 nd day of treatment(P<0.05),it was also found in the rats in 10 mg/kg arsenic exposure group compared with that of 1 mg/kg arsenic exposure group since the 3 rd day of treatment(P <0.05).The space search test showed that the memory ability of rats in 10 mg/kg group decreased(P <0.05)compared with that in control group.The motor ability test showed that the balance ability and the suspension ability of the forelimbs of rats in 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups decreased(P<0.05). Necrosis of cerebellar neurons and proliferation of glial cells were observed in arsenic-exposed rats,and different degrees of damage were observed in cortical neurons of rats exposed to arsenic. Conclusion Sub-chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water may cause impairs of learning and memory and motor ability in rats.

关 键 词：砷 神经发育行为 运动 学习记忆 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]