基于多元功效成分的瓜蒌皮药材产地现代干燥加工方法研究  

Study on modern drying processing method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium based on multi-bioactive constituents

作　　者：张黄琴 刘培[1] 钱大玮[1] 刘琳[1] 朱邵晴 李会伟 段金廒[1] ZHANG Huang-qin;LIU Pei;QIAN Da-wei;LIU Lin;ZHU Shao-qing;LI Hui-wei;DUAN Jin-ao(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学,江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心/中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心/国家中医药管理局中药资源循环利用重点研究室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中草药》2020年第4期950-964,共15页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);现代农业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-21);江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才(JNHB-066);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_1254)。

摘　　要：目的比较不同干燥方式对瓜蒌皮药材品质的影响,优选出适宜的瓜蒌皮药材产地现代干燥加工方法。方法收集安徽产新鲜瓜蒌皮,分别采用传统与现代产地加工干燥方法[40、50、60、70℃控温热风干燥,40、50、60、70℃微波真空干燥(真空度-0.08 MPa),50、60、70℃中短波红外干燥,-80℃真空冻干干燥,晒干,阴干]加工处理,结合干燥样品外观性状,以药效成分(5种黄酮类芦丁、木犀草苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素、橘红素,3种三萜类葫芦素D、葫芦素B、葫芦素E)、营养滋补类成分(2种糖类葡萄糖、果糖,18种氨基酸类苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、L-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-丝氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺、L-瓜氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸,12种核苷类胸腺嘧啶核苷、2′-脱氧尿苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、腺苷、2′-脱氧肌苷、肌苷、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、2′-脱氧鸟苷、胞苷、鸟苷)共40种资源性化学成分的组成及含量为评价指标,对不同干燥加工方法所得瓜蒌皮药材样品的品质进行综合评价。利用主成分分析(PCA)法,优选瓜蒌皮最佳现代干燥加工方法。结果不同干燥品中,药效成分及营养滋补类成分含量差异较大,其中果糖及葡萄糖质量分数分别为9.78%~21.32%、4.46%~15.63%;70℃微波真空干燥处理获得的瓜蒌皮所含黄酮类和四环三萜类成分总量最高,40℃控温热风干燥处理的总量最低。通过对14种不同干燥方式获得的瓜蒌皮样品进行综合评价分析,发现70℃控温热风干燥、70℃中短波红外干燥、-80℃真空冻干干燥、50℃微波真空干燥和60℃控温热风干燥方式获得的样品有效成分含量均优于传统晒干。结论结合药材的外观性状、色泽、质地、干燥时间及功效成分含量等因素,基于目前企业设备�Objective To compare the effects of different drying methods on the quality of Trichosanthis Pericarpium, and screen the suitable drying methods for its modern drying processing. Methods The fresh Trichosanthis Pericarpium collected from Anhui were processed by traditional and modern drying processing methods [hot air drying(40, 50, 60, 70 ℃), microwave vacuum drying(40, 50, 60, 70 ℃;vacuum-0.08 MPa), short-wave infrared drying(50, 60, 70 ℃), vacuum-80 ℃ lyophilization, traditional solar drying, shadow drying]. Combined with the appearance of the samples after drying, the composition and content of the 40 resource chemical compositions [five kinds of flavonoids(rutin, luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, tangeretin), three kinds of triterpenoids(cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E)] and nutritional nourishing ingredients [two kinds of saccharides(glucose, fructose), eighteen kinds of amino acids(phenylalanine, L-leucine, iso-leucine, L-tryptophan, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-methionine, L-valine, L-proline, L-tyrosine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-serine, L-asparagine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine), and twelve kinds of nucleosides(thymidine, 2′-deoxyuridine, adenine, uridine, adenosine, 2′-deoxyinosine, inosine, cytosine, guanine, 2′-deoxyguanosine, cytidine, guanosine)] were evaluated for comprehensively evaluating the quality of the different samples. The best modern drying method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium was preferred by principal component analysis. Results Among different dry samples, the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient nourishing ingredients varied greatly, among which fructose and glucose content ranged from 9.78% to 21.32% and 4.46% to 15.63%, respectively. Samples of 70 ℃ microwave vacuum drying had the highest total amount of flavonoids and tetracyclic triterpenoids, while those of 40 ℃ hot air drying treatment were the lowest. Through comprehensive evaluation of 14 kinds of Trichosanthis Pericarpium

关 键 词：栝楼 瓜蒌皮 产地加工 综合评价 主成分分析 药用类成分 营养滋补类成分 黄酮 芦丁 木犀草苷 芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷 芹菜素 橘红素 三萜 葫芦素D 葫芦素B 葫芦素E 糖类 葡萄糖 果糖 氨基酸 苯丙氨酸 L-亮氨酸 异亮氨酸 L-色氨酸 γ-氨基丁酸 L-蛋氨酸 L-缬氨酸 L-脯氨酸 L-酪氨酸 反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸 L-苏氨酸 L-谷氨酸 L-谷氨酰胺 L-丝氨酸 L-天门冬酰胺 L-瓜氨酸 L-精氨酸 L-赖氨酸 核苷 胸腺嘧啶核苷 2′-脱氧尿苷 腺嘌呤 尿苷 腺苷 2′-脱氧肌苷 肌苷 胞嘧啶 鸟嘌呤 2′-脱氧鸟苷 胞苷 鸟苷 控温热风干燥 微波真空干燥 中短波红外干燥 真空冻干干燥 晒干 阴干 

分 类 号：R283.1[医药卫生—中药学]