高原鼠兔和昆明白小鼠肺组织结构比较  

Comparative on pulmonary histochemical characteristics between plateau pika and Kunming mouse

作　　者：李双 邹小艳[3] 付林 刘忠浩 白祥慧 都玉蓉 郭松长[2] LI Shuang;ZOU Xiaoyan;FU Lin;LIU Zhonghao;BAI Xianghui;DU Yurong;GUO Songchang(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province,College of Life Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;School of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Evolution and Adaptation of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,长沙410128 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001

出　　处：《兽类学报》2020年第2期162-169,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究计划(2019-Z-924);国家自然科学基金(31760117);青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室项目(2017-ZJ-Y13)。

摘　　要：低氧性肺血管收缩反应钝化(blunted Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction,bHPV)是高原鼠兔在进化过程中形成的对低氧环境的一种适应性策略。以胎儿期、幼龄期及成年期高原鼠兔和昆明白小鼠为研究对象,对两者的肺组织进行发育生物学、比较组织学和比较组织化学研究,以探讨高原鼠兔bHPV形成的组织形态学基础。结果表明:(1)高原鼠兔各时期肺组织微血管的双层弹性纤维含量均低于25%,无明显肌化现象;(2)高原鼠兔直径10~50μm、50~100μm和100~200μm微血管的中膜肌层厚度与其外径比(MT/ED)随年龄增加而逐渐下降;成年高原鼠兔的肺组织微血管MT/ED_(10-50)显著低于成年昆明白小鼠(P<0.05),但MT/ED_(50-100)和RMT/ED_(100-200)均无明显的种间差异(P>0.05);(3)在直径10~50μm微血管中,高原鼠兔和昆明白小鼠平滑肌细胞数与内皮细胞数的比值(SMC/EC)均随年龄增长呈上升趋势,且高原鼠兔SMC/EC的比值极显著低于同年龄组的昆明白小鼠(P<0.01)。导致高原鼠兔bHPV发生的组织学基础可能是其肺组织中直径10~50μm微血管平滑肌细胞数量少。The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae),one of the endemic rodents inhabiting in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,has adapted well to extreme hypoxic and cold environments. Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(bHPV) plays an important role on preventing plateau pika from injury induced by hypoxia. To investigate the histochemical basis of bHPV,we examined the structural morphology and immunohistochemistry of pulmonary microvessels from the fetus,pups and adults plateau pikas.The results with Kunming mouse as the comparison species showed that the double elastic lamina was less than 25% of the circumference,suggesting there is no significant muscularization of the pulmonary microvessels(10-200 μm in diameter) in plateau pika against hypoxia stress,as the ratio of medial thickness to external diameter(Medial thickness/External diameter,MT/ED) of pulmonary microvessels(of 10-50,50-100 and 100-200 μm diameter) decreased in response to the prolonged hypoxia exposure in plateau pika. In the adults,plateau pika showed a lower MT/ED10-50 than Kunming mouse did(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found in MT/ED50-100 and MT/ED100-200 between two species. In pulmonary arteriole of 10-50 μm diameter,higher ratio of microvascular staining with α-SMA to microvascular staining with CD31(Smooth muscle/Endothelial cells,SMC/EC) was detected over time in plateau pika and Kunming mouse. In comparison to Kunming mouse,obviously lower SMC/EC(P<0.01) was observed in plateau pika at each developmental period. These results suggest that a decrease in development of smooth muscle cells in pulmonary microvessels of 10-50 μm diameter probably play an important role in blunting hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in plateau pika.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 肺 RMT/ED SMC/EC 低氧性肺血管收缩钝化 

分 类 号：Q495[生物学—生理学]