福利的本质与公共福利的多元循义供给——兼论需求溢出理论的福利观及永续福利国家  

The Essence of Welfare and Multiple Supplies of Public Welfare by Justice--Concurrently Discussing Welfare View of Need Spillover Theory and Sustainable Welfare State

作　　者：刘太刚[1] LIU Taigang(School of Public Administration,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2020年第2期78-85,共8页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(18XNL010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在世界范围内,福利及社会福利的概念都存在多重内涵。需求溢出理论认为,作为不同福利概念内涵的最大公约数,福利的本质即需求保障;而属于公共事务范畴的公共福利的公共性则有实质公共性和形式公共性之分;公共福利的供给主体包括作为元主体的个人和作为衍生主体的四类广义社会组织,公共福利的供给呈现出多元路径或多元机制的嵌入式混合并用。需求溢出理论的福利观主张,我国应建立多元循义供给的永续福利国家,通过公共福利定向供给的退出机制使有劳者的福利总水平(私人福利+公共福利)始终高于不劳者的福利总水平,从而在为民众提供高品质的公共福利的同时,避免落入西方传统福利国家的养懒人陷阱。The concepts of welfare and social welfare have multiple connotations worldwide. According to Need Spillover Theory, as the maximum common denominator of different welfare concepts, the essence of welfare is "needs guarantee". As part of public affairs, the public attribute public welfare show the difference between substantial publicity and formal publicity. In addition, the providers of public welfare include individuals(as meta agent) and four generalized social organizations(as derivative agents). Therefore, the provision of public welfare presents the embedded and mixed use of multiple paths or multiple mechanisms. The welfare view of Need Spillover Theory proposes that China should establish a sustainable welfare state with multi-supply of public welfare by justice, which will contribute to keeping the overall welfare level(including private and public welfare) of workers above that of non-workers all along. So that China can avoid dropping into pitfalls of raising dawdlers like traditional welfare states in the west, while it still can provide high-quality welfare to the public.

关 键 词：社会福利 公共性 需求溢出 过度扶贫 治理深度 

分 类 号：D60[政治法律—政治学]