引进澳洲奶牛在宝鸡地区饲养的适应性研究  

Adaptability Study of Introduced Australian Dairy Cows in Baoji Area

作　　者：王辉[1,2] 谭向荣[2] 张立岗[2] 刘爽[2] 任光灿[2] 冯天雨 牛统娟 胡建宏 WANG Hui;TAN Xiang-rong;ZHANG Li-gang;LIU Shuang;REN Guang-can;FENG TIAN-yu;NIU Tong-juan;HU Jian-hong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Baoji Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宝鸡市畜牧兽医中心

出　　处：《畜牧兽医杂志》2020年第2期30-33,共4页Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：引进澳洲奶牛规模化高效养殖技术研究与示范项目;。

摘　　要：近年来,随着人们对鲜奶和奶制品需求的增加,我国的奶牛存栏量和牛奶产量都大幅度增长。但是在现代化奶牛养殖中,我国本地的奶牛产奶量逐渐不能满足人们的需求,而引进的高产澳洲奶牛的利用可以提高奶牛各方面的生产性能,所以对引进澳洲奶牛规模化高效养殖技术的研究至关重要。本试验首先按同一种饲养水平设立引进澳洲奶牛和本地荷斯坦牛两个组,通过测定各项指标,分析澳洲奶牛与本地荷斯坦牛的在体型外貌、繁殖性能、冷热应激情况和常见病发病率等方面差异性,研究澳洲奶牛在本地的适应性。结果表明,引进澳洲奶牛的一胎牛体型较为窄小,但发育较快,其体高、胸围、尻宽、尻角度后肢侧视均显著低于本地荷斯坦牛(%P<0.05),而体斜长和后乳房附着高度显著高于本地荷斯坦牛(P%<0.05)。引进澳洲奶牛的繁殖能力略低,其初情月龄(10.59月龄)、初情体重(309.93 kg)、首配月龄(15.42月龄)、首配体重(365.06 kg)与本地荷斯坦牛无明显差异,但复配率(26.76%)和产犊率(83.47%)分别比本地荷斯坦牛低8.24%和11.66%。引进澳洲奶牛表现出良好的适应性,与本地荷斯坦牛在冷热应激时的产奶量以及常见病发病率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。In recent years,with the increase in demand for fresh milk and dairy products,the stock of dairy cows and milk production in China have increased significantly.However,in modern dairy farming,the milk production of local dairy cows in China is gradually unable to meet the needs of people,and the introduction of high-yield Australian dairy cows can improve the production performance in all aspects of dairy cows,so it is vital to research into the large-scale high-efficiency breeding technology for introduced Australian dairy cows.This experiment includes Australian dairy cows group and local Holstein cattle group under the same breeding level.Through analyzing the statistics of various indicators,the physical appearance,reproductive performance,cold and heat stress,and the differences in common disease incidence between Australian dairy cows and local Holstein cattle,we studies the local adaptation of Australian dairy cows.The results of this study shows that compared with the local Holstein cattle,the introduced Australian dairy cows are narrower in size,but they develop faster.Their height,chest circumference,width of the jaws,and angle of the hind limbs are significantly lower than the local Holstein cattle(P<{0.05}),but the body length and posterior breast attachment height were significantly higher than the local Holstein cattle(P<{0.05}).Australian cows have a slightly lower reproductive capacity,with their initial age(10.59 months old),initial weight(309.93kg),first matching age(15.42 months old),first weight(365.06 kg),and no significant differences were observed compared with local Holstein cattle.But the compounding rate(26.76%)and calving rate(83.47%)were lower than the local Holstein cattle,respectively.In conclusion,Australian dairy cows showed good adaptability,and there was no significant difference in milk yield and common disease incidence between local Holstein cattle and Australian dairy cows under cold and heat stress%(P%>0.05).

关 键 词：引进澳洲奶牛 中国荷斯坦牛 体尺 繁殖力 适应性 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]