苏联专家穆欣对中国城市规划的技术援助及影响  

Soviet Expert Мухин's Technical Assistance and Influence on Urban Planning of China

作　　者：李浩 LI Hao

机构地区：[1]中国城审规划设计研究院邹德慈院士工作室

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2020年第1期102-110,共9页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新中国成立以来中国共产党城市建设思想文献挖掘、整理与研究”(批准号:192DA014);住房和城乡建设部科学技术项目“中国当代城市规划科学史(第二期)”(项目编号:2017-R2-005);中国城市规划设计研究院科技创新基金资助重点项目“城市规划口述历史(第二期)”(项目编号:C-201701)。

摘　　要：新中国的城市规划事业是在苏联专家的大力帮助下建立起来的。以第二批来华的苏联专家穆欣为研究对象,阐述了其1952年4月至1953年9月在华期间的技术援助工作及贡献:①帮助首都北京建立了城市规划工作的科学观念;②对新中国“适用、经济、在可能条件下注意美观”建设方针的研究发挥了重要影响;③对新中国向苏联学习规划理论的思想认识起到了重要统一作用;④帮助拟定出新中国第一版《城市规划设计程序(初稿)》;⑤推动一批既有城市按照社会主义城市原则进行改建规划;⑥引导我国城市规划设计工作走上规范化的轨道;⑦对“城市规划”专业术语的定名发挥了重要影响;⑧为八大重点新工业城市的联合选厂和初步规划做出了重要贡献;⑨亲手拟定出杭州和上海的初步规划方案;①培养和影响了最早一批新中国第一代城市规划工作者。穆欣对中国城市规划的重要影响,从一个侧面折射出新中国城市规划事业在开创初期的特殊状况,而他较多关注城市规划思想性和理论性的特点,也导致其部分技术援助工作存在一定的局限性。China's urban planning profession was established with the help of Soviet experts.The paper examines the contributions of A.C.MyxHH,a representative of the second batch of Soviet experts during his stay in China from April 1952 to September 1953.It is found that A.C.MyxИH had 1)helped Beijing to establish a scientific concept of urban planning;2)influenced the formulation of China's construction policy of"usefulness,economy and attention to aesthetics under possible conditions";3)played an important role in establishing the tradition of learning planning theory from the Soviet Union;4)helped to draw up China's earliest"Urban Planning and Design Procedures(Draft)";5)promoted the adoption of socialist reconstruction planning principles in a number of cities;6)guided urban planning and design in China to meet established standards;7)advanced the adoption of urban planning terminology;8)made important contributions to the joint plant selection and preliminary planning of eight major new industrial cities;9)proposed the preliminary plans of Hangzhou and Shanghai;and 10)trained and influenced the first generation of urban planning workers in China.MyxИH's important influence on China's urban planning reflects the special situation of China's urban planning in its fromative years.His great attention to the ideological and theoretical perspectives of urban planningled to the limitations of his efforts.

关 键 词：城市史 城市规划史 苏联规划理论 苏联专家 当代中国 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]