基于CFD汽车散热器布置形式对性能影响分析  

Influence Analysis of Radiator Layout on Vehicle Cooling Performance Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

作　　者：黄鹏超[1] 黄镇财[1] 唐焱[2] HUNG Peng-chao;HUANG Zhen-cai;TANG Yan(Faculty of Automotive Engineering,Liuzhou Vocational&Technical College,Guangxi Liuzhou545006,China;School of Mechanical and Eletrical Engineering,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guangxi Guilin541004,China)

机构地区：[1]柳州职业技术学院汽车工程学院,广西柳州545006 [2]桂林电子科技大学机电工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2020年第4期140-144,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2017KY1055)。

摘　　要：中冷散热器和高温散热器是汽车散热器的重要组成单元,二者的布置形式对整体的冷却性能具有重要影响。根据散热器的工作特点和散热量需求,对高温散热器和中冷散热器的参数进行设计,基于CFD分析技术建立散热器二维和三维分析模型;建立横向同种材料布置、横向异种材料布置、纵向异种材料布置、纵向同种材料布置等四种对比模型,获取不同模型的冷却风量流速、进出口温度变化等。搭建冷却系统试验平台,分别在中冷器前方指定位置进行纵向遮挡和横向遮挡,获取冷却风速和进出口温度变化。通过仿真分析和试验方法对比分析中冷散热器与高温散热器不同布置形式对冷却性能的影响。结果可知:四种布置形式通过的空气质量流量占百分比和面积占百分比的比例基本一致;横向异种材料布置形式的散热效果最佳,优于其他布置形式,主要原因是横向布置,散热管路与冷却空气的接触面积更大,更有利于冷却液与冷却空气之间的换热;异种材料布置更能提升换热效果;试验分析验证了仿真分析的准确性,为设计有隔断的散热器散热面积的确定提供了参考依据。The medium cooling radiator and high temperature radiator are the important components of the automobile radiator,and their layout has an important impact on overall cooling performance.According to the working characteristics of the radiator and the heat dissipation requirements,the parameters of the high temperature radiator and the medium cooling radiator are designed,and the 2D and 3D analysis models of the radiator are established based on CFD analysis technology.Four contrastive models are established,which are transverse homogeneous material layout,transverse heterogeneous material layout,longitudinal heterogeneous material layout and longitudinal homogeneous material layout.The cooling air flow rate and inlet and outlet temperature of different models are obtained.The cooling system test platform is built,and longitudinal and transverse shielding are conducted at the designated position in front of the intercooler,respectively,thereby the cooling wind speed and the inlet and outlet temperature changes are obtained.The effects of different layouts of medium-cooling radiators and high-temperature radiators on cooling performance are analyzed by simulation analysis and comparison of test methods.The results show that the percentages of air mass flow and area through the four layout forms are basically the same.The horizontal heterogeneous material arrangement has the best heat dissipation effect and is superior to other layouts.The main reason is the horizontal arrangement,the contact area between the heat dissipation pipe and the cooling air is larger,which is more conducive to the heat exchange between the coolant and the cooling air.The arrangement of different materials can improve the heat transfer effect.The experimental analysis verifies the accuracy of the simulation analysis and provides a reference for the determination of the heat dissipation area of the divided radiator.

关 键 词：汽车 高温散热器 中冷散热器 布置 计算流体力学 模型 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U461.8[机械工程—车辆工程]