新型变桨立轴风力机涡效应分析  

ANALYSIS OF VORTEX EFFECT OF NEW VARIABLE OAR VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

作　　者：冀文举[1] 汪建文[1] 高志鹰[1] 东雪青[1] 赵元星 Ji Wenju;Wang Jianwen;Gao Zhiying;Dong Xueqing;Zhao Yuanxing(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2020年第3期89-97,共9页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古自然基金重大项目(2016ZD04)。

摘　　要：该文旨在通过变桨来改善升力型立轴风力机叶片气动特性,提高风力机最大运行效率。针对设计尖速比下风能利用系数较低的问题,提出减小叶片小攻角范围,增大叶片大攻角工作范围,以重点改善叶片低性能区域的气动特性为出发点,提高风能利用系数新变桨思路。以采用NACA0012翼型、2 m高和2 m旋转直径的两叶片H型风力机为研究对象,从涡理论来分析和比较在最佳尖速比为5的条件下,附着涡、尾随涡、脱体涡和桨距角对攻角、切向力和功率输出的影响规律。研究结果表明:变桨后,叶片的攻角、切向力和输出功率在原最大值两侧均有明显提高,拓宽了叶片高性能的工作区域;涡系中脱体涡对叶片气动特性影响最大,其中在上盘面影响较小,在下盘面影响较大;变桨前后涡系对上盘面的差异较小,对下盘面的影响差异较明显;变桨后,下盘面的叶片的涡尾迹弯曲程度在加大。A variable pitch approach was employed to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of lift-type vertical axis wind turbine blades,so as to improve the maximum power efficiency of the turbine. Aiming at the low power coefficient at rated tip speed ratio,a new variable pitch method was put forward to reduce the negative influence range of azimuth angle with small angle of attack,and to enlarge the positive influence range of azimuth angle with large angle of attack. The purpose of this new pitching method is mainly to enhance the aerodynamic characteristics of blade in range of azimuth angles with low performance,and then to increase the power coefficient. A two-blade H-type wind turbine with NACA0012 airfoil,2 m high and 2 m rotating diameter were analyzed employing the vortex theory at the optimal tip speed ratio 5. The effects of bound vortex,trailing vortex,shedding vortex and pitch angle on angle of attack,tangential force and power output were researched. The results show that the angle of attack,tangential force and output power are improved obviously on both sides of the original maximum value,which widens the blade working area of azimuth angle with high performance.Among the vortex system,the shedding vortex has the greatest impacts on the blade aerodynamic characteristics,and the effect on the upstream half cycle is more obvious than that on the downstream half cycle. The changes of the effect of vortex system on the blade in upstream half cycle between before and after pitching are small. On the other hand,the effect changes on the downstream half cycle are obvious. The bending degree of trailing vortex line of the blade in the downstream half cycle is increased after pitching.

关 键 词：立轴风力机 变桨技术 涡模型 气动特性 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]