煤矿酸性废水对喀斯特稻田环境污染的实验研究  

Experimental study on environmental pollution of karst paddy field by acid waste water from coal mine

作　　者：王虎[1,2] 吴永贵 覃远翠[1] 刘桂华 罗有发 付天岭 何照[2] WANG Hu;WU Yonggui;QIN Yuancui;LIU Guihua;LUO Youfa;FU Tianling;HE Zhao(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Chuyang Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guiyang Guizhou 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州雏阳生态环保科技有限公司,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2020年第4期411-416,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-贵州省人民政府喀斯特中心项目(No.U1612442);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2846号);贵州大学引进人才科研基金资助项目(贵大人基合字〔2015〕27号)。

摘　　要：为系统评价煤矿酸性废水(AMD)污染对喀斯特稻田环境的影响,分析了不同程度AMD污染作用下稻田水-土体系中pH、电导率(EC)、氧化还原电位(Eh)、铁、锰、铜、锌、SO4^2-等特征污染组分及土壤微生物量、脲酶活性、磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性等生物特性的变化。结果表明:(1)在污染前期较低污染倍数下,喀斯特稻田水-土系统对AMD污染有较好的缓冲性能,但高浓度持续污染1周以上可导致稻田田面水及土壤的明显酸化,增加体系的EC和Eh。(2)AMD的污染程度增加可提高田面水中铁、锰、铜、锌和SO4^2-;稻田土壤可通过吸附及自身的缓冲体系使得田面水中铁、锰、铜、锌较低,但在明显较高的污染程度下,又会通过土壤已有组分的溶出,明显增加田面水中锰、铜、锌。(3)AMD污染可降低稻田土壤微生物量、脲酶活性,但对磷酸酶活性的影响不明显;由于AMD引入大量H^+及丰富的铁离子将会促进H2O2的分解,进而造成过氧化氢酶活性总体升高的假阳性趋势。In order to systematically evaluate the impact of acid wastewater(AMD)pollution from coal mines on the environment of karst paddy fields,the changes of characteristic pollution components such as pH,EC,Eh,iron,manganese,copper,zinc and sulfate radical as well as the biological characteristics such as microbial biomass,urease,phosphatase,and catalase activity in the water-soil system of the paddy field under different degree of AMD pollution were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the paddy field in karst region had a better buffering performance against AMD pollution at a lower pollution level in the early stage.However,the high concentrations of continuous pollution for more than one week could lead to significant acidification of paddy field water and soil and increase the EC and Eh values in the water-soil system of the paddy field.(2)AMD pollution could increase the contents of iron,manganese,copper,zinc,and SO4^2- in surface water.The iron,manganese,copper and zinc in the surface water of paddy field were lower by adsorption and self buffer system;however,the content of the above characteristic pollutant components in paddy field soil released under higher AMD pollution level and increased the contents of manganese,copper,and zinc in the surface water.(3)The soil microbial biomass and urease activity reduced under the AMD pollution but the phosphatase activity without significant difference.The catalase activity showed a false increase trend due to the large amount of H+and iron ions derived from AMD could facilitate the decomposition of H2O2.

关 键 词：煤矿酸性废水 喀斯特稻田 土壤 酶活性 

分 类 号：X752[环境科学与工程—环境工程]