遗物祭品焚烧大气污染物排放特征及控制对策  

Emission characteristics and control strategy of air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings

作　　者：张世豪 薛亦峰[2] 陈曦 陈谊 翟晓曼 钟连红[2] 王玮 ZHANG Shihao;XUE Yifeng;CHEN Xi;CHEN Yi;ZHAI Xiaoman;ZHONG Lianhong;WANG Wei(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037;Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Ministry of Civil Affairs,101 Institute of Ministry of Civil Affairs,Beijing 100070;Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [3]民政部一零一研究所,民政部污染控制重点实验室,北京100070 [4]北京市民政局,北京100020

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2020年第4期519-522,共4页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.21806012);北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(No.2017000021733G105);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(No.118011000000150004)。

摘　　要：遗物祭品焚烧会产生大量的大气污染物,给周边环境和人体健康造成较大影响。通过现场调研和问卷调查,初步核算了全国范围内的遗物祭品焚烧量,并结合典型遗物祭品焚烧大气污染物排放实际监测,初步掌握其污染物排放浓度及其特征。结果表明:中国遗物祭品焚烧量较大,年平均焚烧量约为13.6万t;未经烟气净化的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、CO分别可达2020.0、2671.4mg/m^3,是《火葬场大气污染物排放标准》(GB 13801—2015)排放限值的25.3、13.4倍;经过净化后的焚烧烟气中,颗粒物浓度可大幅降低,其他气态污染物排放浓度也有不同程度下降。殡葬行业应进一步开展遗物祭品焚烧方面的研究,从源头和末端对污染物的排放进行控制。A large quantity of atmospheric pollutants were produced during the incineration of sacrificial offerings,which had a great impact on the surrounding environment and human health.Through field investigation and questionnaire surveys,the amount of incineration in China was initially estimated.Combined with the monitoring of the incineration of typical sacrificial offerings,the emission levels and characteristics were initially grasped.The results showed that the amount of the incineration of sacrificial offerings was large in China,which basically maintained at 136000 t.The concentrations of total suspended particulate(TSP)and CO were 2020.0 and 2671.4 mg/m^3 without smoke purification,which were 25.3 and 13.4 times of the standard limit of“Emission standard of air pollutants for crematory”(GB 13801-2015).Through the purification devices,the concentrations of pollutants could be reduced,especially the particulate matters.More researches about the incineration of sacrificial offerings should be carried out and the pollution management should be strengthened.

关 键 词：遗物祭品焚烧 大气污染 排放水平 控制技术 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]