主权权力与主权运用之间的分离——反思霍布斯政治理论中的绝对主权模式  

The Separation Between the Power and the Exercise of Sovereignty:Rethinking the Model of Absolute Sovereignty in Hobbes's Political Theory

作　　者：杨汲 YANG Ji

机构地区：[1]南开大学

出　　处：《理论与现代化》2020年第2期120-128,共9页Theory and Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“霍布斯的《利维担》重译与研究”,项目编号:17BZX014。

摘　　要：霍布斯的主权理论对政治哲学的发展具有深远影响。基于机械物理学的分析,霍布斯由人类本性中的最普遍激情——对暴死的恐惧,而推论出以维护和平为目标的绝对主权国家存在的必然性,从而为人们提供一种可行的国家建构方案作为参考。但当考虑到主权权力与运用之间的分离,也就是考虑到主权者兼具政治身份与自然人身份,其在运用绝对权力时不可避免地会受到自身激情的影响,如此一来可能将臣民置于更危险的境地,违背国家建立的初衷。因此,霍布斯的绝对主权理论并非完美。Hobbes's theory of sovereignty has a significant influence on the development of political philosophy.Based on the analysis of mechanical physics,Hobbes infers the necessity of the existence of an absolute sovereign with the goal of maintaining peace from the most common and strong passion in human nature--the fear of violent death,which provides a viable program of state construction.However,when considering the distinction between the power and exercise of supreme authority,we can see that the sovereign represents two persons,one natural,and the other political,and he will inevitably be affected by his own passions when using the absolute power.Those acts may put subjects in a more dangerous situation,which is contrary to the purpose of the establishment of the state.Therefore,Hobbes's theory of absolute sovereignty is not perfect.

关 键 词：霍布斯 激情 运动 主权 主权者 绝对权力 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]