高性能改性聚乙烯醇薄膜的制备及性能表征  

Preparation and characterization of high performance modifiedpolyvinyl alcohol film

作　　者：张利 李普旺[1,2] 杨子明 何祖宇[1,2] 王超 杨艳 李积华[1,2] 焦静 周闯 ZHANG Li;LI Puwang;YANG Zi ming;HE Zuyu;WANG Chao;YANG Yan;LI Jihua;JIAO Jing;ZHOU Chuang(Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of TropicalAgricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang524001, China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage & Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang 524001, China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001 [2]海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001

出　　处：《功能材料》2020年第4期4153-4159,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(219QN295,219QN294);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项项目资助项目(1630122017009,1630122017014,1630122019008);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金资助项目(2019KJ140);广东省科技创新战略专项资金竞争性分配资助项目(2018A03018)。

摘　　要：作为可生物降解型的聚乙烯醇薄膜,其环保特性已得到了全世界的广泛承认,但是由于聚乙烯醇分子中含有大量的亲水性基团,导致成膜的耐水性差,这很大程度上限制了它的推广和应用。通过采用戊二醛、尿素对聚乙烯醇进行缩醛交联,并通过添加不同种类的增塑剂(丙三醇、PEG-400、MgCl2)破坏PVA的氢键作用,降低其结晶度,从而达到增塑改性效果,最后通过红外光谱FTIR、热重TG分析、物理机械性能以及接触角来鉴定物质的结构以及对其性能进行表征。结果表明:通过戊二醛、尿素与PVA羟基缩醛交联反应可以提高PVA成膜的耐水性能和热稳定性能,丙三醇、PEG-400、MgCl2等可以提高PVA的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度,当涂膜中交联剂戊二醛4%、尿素0.5%,增塑剂丙三醇4%、PEG-400为6%、MgCl2为2%时,成膜的机械性能最优,断裂伸长率达136.7%,拉伸强度达3.48MPa。As a type of biodegrada polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)film,its environmentally friendly characteristic has been widely recognized around the world.However,its poor water resistance largely limits the popularization and application,due to a large number of hydrophilic groups in PVA molecules.In this work,glutaraldehyde and urea were used to react with PVA by acetal reaction,and then the plasticizers(glycerol,PEG-400,MgCl2)were added to the system to destroy the hydrogen bonding of PVA and reduce its crystallinity,in order to achieve the plastic modification effect.Finally,the structure of the products and the performance of the cured films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,physical and mechanical properties,and contact angle.The results showed that the water resistance and thermal stability of PVA films could be enhanced by the crosslinking reaction of PVA with glutaraldehyde and urea.The addition of glycerol,PEG-400 and MgCl2 could improve the elongation at break and tensile strength of PVA films.And when the additive amount of glutaraldehyde,urea,glycerol,PEG-400 and MgCl2 in the formula were 4%,0.5%,6%and 2%,respectively,the mechanical properties of the film were optimal with the elongation at break of 136.7%and the tensile strength of 3.48 MPa.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇 耐水性 增塑剂 断裂伸长率 拉伸强度 

分 类 号：TQ322.41[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]