20世纪以来伦敦的人口、移民与空间变动  

Changes in Population,Immigration and Space in London since the 20th Century

作　　者：陆伟芳[1] Lu Weifang

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学都市文化中心

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2020年第1期67-79,M0004,共14页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“多卷本《西方城市史》”(项目编号:17ZDA229);上海市哲学社会科学规划“全球城市史”专项课题“蒸汽与商船:工业化时代的海上霸主伦敦”(项目编号:2018ZCS006)的研究成果。

摘　　要：20世纪以来,伦敦的人口呈现新的特征。大伦敦人口变动呈曲线状态,先持续增长,然后逐渐减少,从世纪末起再度缓慢增长。从空间来看,人口增长以外伦敦为主,内伦敦则几乎一直处于人口丧失的进程中。直到20世纪末21世纪初,内外伦敦的人口才普遍增长。伦敦的人口构成中,海外移民占有越来越重要的分量,使伦敦具有了人口的“全球性”特征。伦敦的人口向郊外及远郊的迁移,推动了20世纪以来的伦敦空间城市化。政府社会住房的建设和新城建设,就是应对伦敦人口外迁变动的举措,在很大程度上助推了城市空间的扩展。这种人口城市化与空间城市化的相互推动,既是英国城市化走向深入的自然进程,更是政府有意推动的结果,反映了20世纪以来英国城市化的新特征与新趋势。The population of London has presented new features from the 20th century onwards.The population change in Greater London showed a state of curve,which continued to grow first,then gradually decreased,and slowly growed again at the end of the century.From a spatial perspective,population growth happened in Outer London,while Inner London was in the process of losing population.It was not until the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century that the population of Outer London and Inner London grew generally.Among the demographic composition of London,overseas immigrants occupy an increasingly important part,making London a“global”feature in a population sense.The migration of London’s population to the Outer London and beyond has contributed to the urbanization of Greater London’s space since the 20th century.The planning and construction of council housing and of New Towns were and are measures to cope with the changes in the population of London.The mutual promotion of population urbanization and spatial urbanization is not only a natural process of British urbanization,but also a result of the government’s intentional promotion.It reflects the new characteristics and new trends of British urbanization since the 20th century.

关 键 词：20 世纪 伦敦 人口 移民 

分 类 号：F29[经济管理—国民经济]