磁性聚苯胺复合材料对工业废水中重金属吸附的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewaterby Magnetic Polyaniline Composites

作　　者：张文娟[1] 费玉龙 王有良 张波波 马晓凯 ZHANG Wenjuan;FEI Yulong;WANG Youliang;ZHANG Bobo;MA Xiaokai(State Key Laboratory for Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,兰州730050 [3]兰州理工大学机电工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第9期12-18,33,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51703088);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2017A-010);2018年高分子材料重点实验室开放基金项目(KF-18-03);兰州理工大学红柳青年基金(061805);博士科研启动基金(061602)。

摘　　要：随着工业的快速发展,金属电镀、肥料制造、电池、采矿等行业排放出大量含重金属离子的废水,不但严重污染环境,而且危害人类身体健康。因此,如何实现对废水中重金属离子的快速有效处理成为人们关注和亟待解决的关键技术问题。近年来去除废水中重金属离子的方法不断涌现,主要有:氧化还原法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜分离法和吸附法等。其中吸附法因具有吸附剂的材料来源广泛、种类繁多、较强的吸附能力等优点被广泛应用于废水处理领域。但是传统吸附材料因吸附效率低、吸附材料不能回收等问题已经不能满足日益严格的环境法规,因此,制备具有良好吸附效果、操作简单且可以回收的新型吸附材料一直是研究的重点。磁性纳米颗粒具有很大的比表面积、良好的吸附性能,作为吸附剂能在外加磁场的作用下快速从液相中分离出来,避免二次污染,但磁性纳米颗粒具有较高的比表面能,易于团聚和氧化,限制了磁性纳米颗粒作为吸附剂在废水处理领域的应用。聚苯胺是一种导电高分子聚合物,对重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能。将聚苯胺材料引入磁性纳米颗粒中,不但可以提高磁性纳米颗粒的分散性和稳定性,使其能够适应各种复杂的吸附环境,还提高了磁性纳米颗粒对废水中重金属离子的吸附性能。本文综述了磁性聚苯胺复合材料的结构、性质和制备方法,以及磁性聚苯胺复合材料的合成条件、形貌和吸附条件等因素对重金属离子吸附性能的影响机制。最后分析了磁性聚苯胺复合材料在处理工业废水时有待解决的问题,并展望了该材料的发展趋势,为含有重金属离子的废水处理提供更加充足的理论依据。With the rapid development of industry,a large number of wastewater containing heavy metal ions are discharged from metal plating,fertilizer manufacturing,batteries,mining and other industries,which not only seriously pollutes the environment but also endangers human health.Therefore,the preparation of new adsorbents with good adsorption effect,simple operation and recoverable has always been the focus of research.In recent years,there have been many methods to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater,such as redox method,chemical precipitation method,ion exchange method,membrane separation method and adsorption method.Among many methods available,adsorption is considered to be a very promising technique for heavy metals removal since its easy synthetise,low cost and high efficiency.However,conventional adsorbents are difficult to meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations to treat the heavy metal wastewaters.Therefore,development of new adsorbent material with good adsorption efficiency,simple operation and recoverable has always been the focus of research.Magnetic nanoparticles with large surface areas,high adsorption capacities and good magnetic properties,which can be quickly separated from liquid phase with external magnetic forces and no secondary pollution.However,magnetic nanoparticles are prone to agglomeration in solution due to their high surface activities and magnetic interaction,which limits the application of magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents in wastewater treatment.Polyaniline is a polyamine polymer with good adsorption properties for heavy metal ions.The introduction of polyaniline into magnetic nanoparticles can not only improve the dispersion and stability of magnetic nanoparticles,but also improve the adsorption performance of magne-tic nanoparticles for heavy metal ions in wastewater.In this paper,the structure,properties and preparation methods of magnetic polyaniline composites are summarized.The factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metal ions by magnetic polyaniline

关 键 词：磁性纳米颗粒 聚苯胺 工业废水 吸附 重金属离子 

分 类 号：O482.54[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]