金属触头电接触性能研究进展  

Research Progress on Electrical Contact Performance of Metal Contacts

作　　者：王塞北[1,2,3] 彭明军 孙勇[1] 谢明[2] 王松 段永华[1] 陈松[3] 刘满门[3] 杨有才[3] WANG Saibei;PENG Mingjun;SUN Yong;XIE Ming;WANG Song;DUAN Yonghua;CHEN Song;LIU Manmen;YANG Youcai(Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals,Sino-Platinum Metals Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China;Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650093 [2]贵研铂业股份有限公司稀贵金属综合利用新技术国家重点实验室,昆明650106 [3]昆明贵金属研究所,昆明650106

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第9期117-123,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51507075,51707087);国家自然科学基金地区基金(51767011);国家自然科学基金云南联合基金(u1602271);云南省应用基础面上项目(2014FB164,2015FA042,2016FB092)。

摘　　要：日常生活中,所有的电力传输和分配、大部分控制系统和大多数信息交换,都依赖于通过电接触实现电流传输。触头承担这种接通、承载和分断电流的作用,其电接触性能影响甚至决定着整个电路系统的质量、性能、使用寿命与技术水平。触头一旦失效将导致严重的后果,小到家电开关如电灯无法点亮,大到电力系统无法正常供电,使一个大都市的交通、生活等瘫痪。基于电接触性能的重要性,自20世纪50年代电接触形成一门独立的学科以来,该领域一直是相关学者研究的重点。电接触的产生、持续和消除是一个复杂的物理、化学过程,是力、热、电、磁及材料冶金效应互相作用的结果,其复杂性使得人们对很多电接触现象、过程的本质和作用机理认识不够深入和透彻,需要进一步的研究探索。同时,随着时代发展和科技进步,不断涌现的新材料(例如针对碳纳米管和石墨烯材料接触电阻的研究)、新的使用要求(例如在特高压输电领域进一步提高动态接触电阻测量模型的精度和有效性)以及新的服役条件和应用环境(例如针对我国高速铁路轮轨的接触电阻研究),对电接触性能的研究提出了新的挑战,促使相关研究亟需在深度上进一步深化,同时在广度上进一步拓展。近年来,电接触性能在不同方面都取得了不少研究进展。在接触电阻方面,引入了一些新的计算方法,使数学模型得到不断的改进和优化。在中高压电领域,学者不断改进高压断路器动态接触电阻的测量方法和计算模型,获得了更为精准的动态接触电阻,对各种影响因素的研究也更加深入,利用动态接触电阻对设备状态的评估和预测进行了初步的探索。材料转移方面,伴随微机电系统的发展,在微观及更小尺度上,研究者利用一些异于传统的新方法、新设备和新模型,发现了与宏观尺度不同的材料转移机理。�In everyday life,all electricity transmission and distribution,most control systems,and most information interchanges depend upon the electrical contact to achieve current transport.The electrical contact components affect and even govern quality,performance,service life and technical level of the whole circuit system.The electrical contact component failure will cause a series of serious effects,such as lights are fail to be lighted,and power system cannot supply electricity normally,which will paralyze the traffic and life of a metropolis.Therefore,since electrical contact formed an independent discipline in the 1950s,electrical contact performance has attracted increasingly interest in related fields due to its importance.The generation,persistence and elimination of electrical contact are complex physical and chemical processes,which is the result of the inte-ractions of force,heat,electricity,magnetism and metallurgy effects.The complexity of electrical contact makes people lack deep and thorough understanding of many electrical contact phenomena,the process nature and action mechanism,which needs further exploration.Meanwhile,with the development of society and technology,novel materials(carbon nanotubes and graphene materials with the contact resistance),new usage requirements(the increasing precision and validity of dynamic contact resistance measurement in the field of ultra-high voltage power transmission)and new service conditions and application environment(the wheel-rail contact resistance in China’s high-speed rail system)are constantly emerging.These new challenges to the electrical contact properties make it urgent to further deepen the related research in depth and expand the scope at the same time.Recently,many developments have been made in different aspects of electrical contact performance.In the aspect of contact resistance,some new calculation methods are introduced to improve and optimize the mathematical model.In the field of medium and high voltage electricity,the measurement method an

关 键 词：电接触性能 接触电阻 材料转移 电弧侵蚀 

分 类 号：TG146.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM20[金属学及工艺—金属材料]