掺杂方式对钼合金组织与力学性能影响的研究进展  

Research Status of the Effect of Doping Methods on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Molybdenum Alloy

作　　者：李世磊 胡平[1,2] 段毅 左烨盖 邢海瑞 李辉 邓洁[1,2] 冯鹏发 王快社[1,2] 胡卜亮[1,2] LI Shilei;HU Ping;DUAN Yi;ZUO Yegai;XING Hairui;LI Hui;DENG Jie;FENG Pengfa;WANG Kuaishe;HU Boliang(School of Metallurgy Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;AVIC Qingan Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;Jinduicheng Molybdenum Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学功能材料国家地方联合工程研究中心,西安710055 [3]航空工业庆安集团有限公司,西安710077 [4]金堆城钼业股份有限公司,西安710077

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第9期132-142,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“重点基础材料技术提升与产业化”重点专项(2017YFB0306000,2017YFB0305600);陕西省博士后基金(2017);陕西高校青年创新团队(2019-2022);霍英东教育基金会(171101)。

摘　　要：钼是一种银白色金属,具有熔点高、强度大、蠕变速率低、膨胀系数小、导热导电及抗热震性能优、抗磨损和抗腐蚀性能强等特性,广泛应用于化学工业、石油工业、冶金工业、航天工业和核能技术等领域。纯钼在室温下塑性差但在高温下易产生晶界滑动导致较大变形,其在高温下的力学性能较室温下有大幅度衰减,且在高温下易产生较大的蠕变,强度和硬度下降明显。这些特性均限制了纯钼作为结构材料的广泛应用。为了提升钼金属的适用范围,改善钼金属在各种使用场景下的强度及韧性,人们通常在钼金属中加入少量的合金元素,通过微量元素的弥散强化及固溶强化作用清除晶界脆化相,以反应物作为弥散相对钼合金起到强化作用,从而达到提高其性能的目的。在国内外学者的共同探索下,目前已开发出的钼合金有Mo-Al 2O 3、Mo-La、TZM、TZC等。钼合金常用的制备方式是粉末冶金法,掺杂是钼合金制备过程中的第一步,不同掺杂方式的选取会对后续钼合金制品的组织与性能产生不同的影响。粉末冶金制备钼合金的过程中常用的掺杂方式有三种:(1)将钼粉与合金元素粉末混合的固-固(S-S)掺杂方式;(2)将合金元素溶解后混入钼(或氧化钼)粉中,干燥后进行还原的固-液(S-L)掺杂方式;(3)利用钼及合金元素的化合物溶液,经干燥、还原制备钼合金的液-液(L-L)掺杂方式。近年来,国内外学者希望通过改进钼合金粉末冶金过程中的掺杂方式来改善钼合金的组织,提升钼合金的性能。研究表明,改进掺杂方式,首先要改进合金粉末的表面状态,使合金粉末的粒度更加细小且分散均匀;其次要使钼合金的烧结坯组织更为均匀,晶粒更加细小,第二相颗粒更加细小且分散;最终由于细晶强化及第二相强化机制使得钼合金的强韧性得到提升。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在掺杂方式对钼Silver-white metal molybdenum having high melting point,high strength,low creep rate,small expansion coefficient,excellent thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance,and strong anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties,widely used in chemical industry,petroleum industry,metallurgical industry,aerospace industry and nuclear energy technology.Pure molybdenum is poorly plastic at room temperature,and it tends to produce grain boundary sliding at high temperatures,resulting in large deformation.The mechanical properties of pure molybdenum at high temperatures are greatly attenuated compared with those at room temperature,and pure molybdenum tends to produce large creep at high temperatures and the strength and hardness decrease significantly.These properties limit the extensive use of pure molybdenum as a structural material.In order to improve the application range of molybdenum metal and improve the strength and toughness of molybdenum metal in various use scenarios,a small amount of alloying elements are usually added to the molybdenum metal.The grain boundary embrittlement phase is removed by solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening of trace elements,and the molybdenum alloy can be strengthened as a reac-tant of the dispersed phase to improve the performance.The molybdenum alloys that have been developed under the joint exploration of scholars at home and abroad include Mo-Al 2O 3,Mo-La,TZM,TZC,etc.The common preparation method of molybdenum alloy is powder metallurgy method.Doping is the first step in the preparation process of molybdenum alloy.The selection of different kinds of doping methods will have different effects on the microstructure and properties of subsequent molybdenum alloy products.There are three commonly used doping methods in the preparation of molybdenum alloys by powder metallurgy:(1)a solid-solid(S-S)doping method in which molybdenum powder is mixed with alloy element powder;(2)a solid-liquid(S-L)doping method in which alloying element is dissolved and mixed into molyb

关 键 词：钼合金 合金化 掺杂方式 微观结构 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]