汉语A'-型依存结构在最简方案下的句法推导  

Minimalist Derivation of A-dependencies in Chinese

作　　者：潘俊楠 PAN Victor Junnan(Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2020年第2期159-181,共23页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：在最简方案的框架下,本文区别于Pan(2016a,2016b,2017)以单特征[variable]为核心操作的分析,引入与左缘结构(left-periphery)相关的特征,提出一套以双特征系统为基础的句法推导机制,并利用双特征句法推导机制,系统观察了语缺、复指代词以及零代词在汉语两种A型依存结构中的句法分布,分别检验了三者在孤岛效应和重建效应上的句法表现。观察表明语缺和关系化结构的复指代词所在句子的推导方式为多次传输,句子呈现孤岛效应;零代词和话题化结构中的复指代词所在句子的推导方式为单次传输,句子不呈现孤岛效应。而重建效应只与语缺、复指代词和零代词等受A-约束成分的内部结构有关,与位移无关。本文证实孤岛效应和重建效应产生的根本原因以及出现的句法环境不同。This paper examines the derivation of two types of A’-dependencies(i.e. left-dislocation structures and relative clauses) and the syntactic distribution of three A’-bound elements(i.e. gap, resumptive pronoun, and pro) in Chinese in the framework of the Minimalist Program. In Pan’s(2016 a, 2016 b) analysis, the feature system used for deriving A’-dependency contains only one core operating feature [var(iable)]. Different from the analysis in the single feature system, this paper uses two peripheral features, [Top(ic)] in left-dislocation structures and [Rel(ative)] in relative clauses, to establish a dual feature system: [Top]-[var] and [Rel]-[var]. In this dual feature system, C-Top bears an interpretable feature in[Top] and C-Rel bears an interpretable feature in[Rel];by contrast, A’-bound elements bear uninterpretable features such as un[Top] and un[Rel]. The advantage of the dual feature system is that it can ensure that C head and the matching constituent each bear at least one unvalued feature when Agree is carried out, thus ensuring that both Probe and Goal are active for Agree. Gap in both LD-structures and relatives, and, overt resumptive pronoun in LD-structures bear an interpretable [var] feature, thus they are interpreted as bound variables at LF. Agree applies phase by phase in a cyclic fashion and during the course of the derivation, multiple Transfer and multiple Spell-Out apply, which is why in such structures both gap and resumptive pronoun will give rise to island effects. A’-bound elements such as pro in both LD-structures and relatives, and resumptive pronoun in relatives bear an uninterpretable [var] feature, and they do not need to be interpreted as bound variables at LF. In the derivation, single Transfer and single Spell-Out apply. Two matched uninterpretable features do not Agree immediately. A phase containing uninterpretable features cannot be Transferred to interfaces. The matched pair of uninterpretable features will be "forced" to be Agreed until the final Transfer at the

关 键 词：A-型依存结构 孤岛效应 重建效应 复指代词 最简方案 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]