菠萝园冬季防寒覆盖的调控效果  

Regulatory Effects of Covering-practices in Orchard for Pineapple Cold-proofing in Winter

作　　者：刘传和[1] 贺涵 匡石滋[1] 肖维强[1] 邵雪花[1] 赖多[1] LIU Chuan-he;HE Han;KUANG Shi-zi;XIAO Wei-qiang;SHAO Xue-hua;LAI Duo(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2020年第4期230-239,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001100);广东省重点领域研发计划(2018B020202011);乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升,一级项目编号403-2018-XMZC-0002-90);菠萝优质种苗繁育及生产示范基地建设;广东省农作物种质资源库(圃)建设与资源收集保存、鉴评;广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金;菠萝良种重大科研联合攻关。

摘　　要：在广东菠萝[Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]园试点,以不覆盖为对照,设置黑色网纱、灰色网纱和白色薄膜(分别简称黑网、灰网和白膜)3个覆盖处理进行冬季防寒试验,观测菠萝植株叶片冠层外围微环境温湿度、光照强度以及菠萝冬季生长情况、果实品质指标,以探明菠萝园冬季防寒覆盖的调控效果。结果表明:黑网、灰网和白膜覆盖处理菠萝植株新抽叶片数增多、叶片生长量提高(P<0.05)。黑网、灰网和白膜覆盖对菠萝叶片冠层外围微环境温度影响不显著,但覆盖处理后湿度显著提高(P<0.05),光照强度显著降低(P<0.05)。黑网、灰网和白膜覆盖对菠萝果实大小无明显影响;黑网覆盖降低了菠萝果实可溶性固形物含量,提高了可滴定酸含量(P<0.05),灰网和白膜覆盖降低了菠萝果实果肉色泽b~*值(P<0.05);黑网、灰网和白膜覆盖对菠萝果实香气物质形成无明显影响。说明黑网、灰网、白膜3个覆盖防寒处理均能促进冬季营养生长期菠萝植株生长,白膜覆盖的促进作用最明显;灰网、白膜覆盖防寒处理对菠萝果实品质的影响相对较小。As affected by the seasonal monsoon climate,the pineapple[Ananas comosus(L).Merr.]plants cultivated in Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian are usually damaged in winter and early spring due to the low temperature and cold wave from the north.After being encountered with the cold season,the leaves turn greensick,and even,the whole pineapple plant is wilted.What’s more,when the pineapple shoot point is suffered from the cold frost and cold rain,the newly growing leaves would be rotted,and particularly worse,the plant would be died.Field culture practices have indicated that covering the plant with plastic net or film is effective to cold-proof for the pineapple in winter.Nevertheless,there is little information published to date regarding the comparative efficiency of different covering practices on anti-chilling for pineapple in winter.Accordingly,in this paper,at the pilot pineapple orchard in Guangdong Province,three covering-practice treatments with black plastic net,gray plastic net and white plastic film were performed to investigate the efficiency on the prevention of pineapple plants from chilling by comparing with CK (no covering), which was arranged as a random block design with three repetitions. For the threecovering-practice treatments, the black plastic net, gray plastic net and white plastic film which were uniformly 7 min length and 1.5 m in width, were directly covered on the pineapple plants. To clearly and easily distinguish thethree treatments in this present work, the three covering-practice treatments were referred to as BN, GN and WF,respectively. In this work, the micro-environmental factors outside canopy between pineapple rows (air temperatureand humidity as well as light intensity), the growth properties of pineapple plants and fruits, as well the fruit qualityaspects of the three covering-practice treatments were compared with CK. The results showed that the number ofnewly growing leaves and the elongation of leaves of pineapple plants were increased under the treatments of BN,GN and WF(P<0.0

关 键 词：覆盖 防寒 菠萝 生长 品质 微环境因子 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]