劳动力成本上升与农机社会化服务需求——以低劳动强度、低技术含量的稻谷晾晒环节为例  

Rising Labor Costs and Demand for Agricultural Productive Service:Evidence from Production Stage of Paddy Drying with Low Labor Intensity and Technical Content

作　　者：金铃 王建英 刘西川 JIN Ling;WANG Jian-ying;LIU Xi-chuan(School of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]浙江财经大学经济学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2020年第2期171-180,共10页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300210-1);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71803056);浙江省软科学研究计划(2018C35032)。

摘　　要：农户需求是农机社会化服务市场发育的前提条件.基于湖北省693个水稻种植户的微观调查数据,以低劳动强度、低技术含量的稻谷晾晒环节为例,分析劳动力成本上升对农机社会化服务需求的影响.晾晒环节的成本收益分析结果表明,农户自行晾晒稻谷获取的干湿谷差价,占稻谷销售总收益的2.41%~14.05%,劳动力成本占晾晒收益的22.28%~106.94%.Probit和Tobit模型的估计结果显示,本村晾晒环节的家庭用工量增加与本县非农务工的工资水平上升,均能显著提高农户出售湿谷的概率和重量占比.结果表明,农业生产环节的劳动强度大或技术含量高,不是农户产生农机社会化服务需求的必要条件,即使对于低劳动强度、低技术含量的生产环节,劳动力成本的持续上升也会促使无力购买大型农业机械的小规模农户放弃自行操作这些生产环节,将生产收益让渡给专业化服务组织,进而从需求端促进农机社会化服务市场的发育.Farmers’demand is a prerequisite for the development of the markets for agricultural machin ery socialization services.With a micro survey data of 693 rice farmers in Hubei Province,this paper analyse the impact of rising labor costs on farmers’demand for agricultural machinery socialization services,taking the production stage of paddy drying as an example.The cost-benefit analysis regarding the production stage of paddy drying indicates that the price disparities between dry and wet paddy acquired by rice farmers’imple mentation of airing paddy can amount to 2.41 to 14.05 percent of the total revenue of paddy selling,and the la bor costs take up 22.28 to 106.94 percent of the gains from paddy drying.The estimation results based on probit and tobit models show that more labor input in paddy drying averaged at the village level and higher wage rates for non-farm employment within county both can significantly decrease the probability of manual paddy drying and increase the proportion of paddy sold in wet status.The conclusion reveals that even for the produc tion stages characterized by low labor intensity and technical content,rising labor costs can induce the small holders who cannot afford large agricultural machinery to give up operating those stages manually,transfer their returns to the specialized service organizations,and thus promote the development of the markets for agri cultural machinery socialization services from the demand side.

关 键 词：农机社会化服务 劳动力成本上升 稻谷晾晒环节 劳动强度 技术含量 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]