芯铧式开沟器仿生设计与试验  

Biomimetic Design and Experiment of Core-share Furrow Opener

作　　者：贾洪雷[1,2] 孟凡豪 刘立晶 史嵩[4] 赵佳乐 庄健[1,2] JIA Honglei;MENG Fanhao;LIU Lijing;SHI Song;ZHAO Jiale;ZHUANG Jian(College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Changchun 130022,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji’nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022 [2]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022 [3]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [4]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第4期44-49,77,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700702);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20180101090JC)。

摘　　要：针对高速作业条件下芯铧式开沟器阻力过大的问题,基于狗獾犬齿曲面的高效低阻贯穿结构,提出了一种开沟器仿生设计方法。对狗獾犬齿进行三维扫描,获取点云数据,采用Matlab软件拟合了4条狗獾犬齿曲线,设计并加工了4种滑动式开沟装置,并进行了对比试验分析。在作业深度50 mm条件下,以开沟装置类型、作业速度为试验因素,以水平方向作业阻力为主要指标,以开沟装置开出沟形的沟深、沟宽、侧垄高和侧垄宽为次要指标,进行了土槽试验。试验结果表明,在同一作业速度下,优化的各滑动式开沟装置的阻力均比标准芯铧式开沟器小。在作业速度为3.6、5.4、7.2 km/h的条件下,优化的滑动式开沟装置比标准芯铧式开沟器作业阻力分别降低8.04%、8.15%、8.71%;标准芯铧式开沟器与优化的滑动式开沟装置所开沟形的沟深、沟宽、侧垄高和侧垄宽的变异系数均低于5%。In view of the problem that the resistance of the core-share furrow opener is too large under high speed operation,an optimal design method of furrow opener based on the bionics principle was proposed based on the efficient and low resistance penetration structure of the dog-badger canine tooth surface. China northeast farmed badger was selected as bionic biological samples,it was carried out on the upper right canine of badger advance disinfection after treatment for 3 D scanning and obtained the complete point cloud data,and then through the Matlab software,fitting curve of the four best badger canine based on the above four design was obtained and the four kinds of slide furrowing device were processed,finally it was compared with the traditional core-share furrow opener through contrast test analysis. Under the condition that the operating depth was 50 mm,the type of opening device and operating speed were taken as the test factors,the horizontal operating resistance was taken as the main index,and the trench depth,trench width,ridge height and ridge width of the trench device were taken as the secondary index to conduct the soil groove test. The experimental results showed that the resistance of each optimized sliding trench opener was lower than that of the standard core-share furrow opener at the same operating speed. At operating speed of 3. 6 km/h,5. 4 km/h and 7. 2 km/h,the operating resistance of the optimal sliding trench device can be reduced by up to 8. 04%,8. 15% and 8. 71%,respectively,compared with the standard core-share furrow opener. The variation coefficient of furrow depth,furrow width,side ridge height and side ridge width by standard core-share furrow openers and optimized sliding furrow openers were all lower than 5%.

关 键 词：芯铧式开沟器 仿生 狗獾犬齿 作业阻力 

分 类 号：S223.19[农业科学—农业机械化工程]