东北地区春玉米作物系数时空分布特征研究  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Spring Maize Coefficients in Northeast China

作　　者：李波[1] 景竹然 魏新光[1] 孙君 付诗宁 葛东 LI Bo;JING Zhuran;WEI Xinguang;SUN Jun;FU Shining;GE Dong(College of Water Conservancy,Shengyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第4期279-290,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303125)。

摘　　要：基于东北地区1951-2018年107个气象站点的气象资料和春玉米观测资料,利用不同作物系数修正公式,对作物系数模型计算的春玉米作物系数进行了验证,并利用空间插值法对全生育期及各生长阶段作物系数年际变化趋势和空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:考虑风速、湿度影响的单作物系数法对春玉米生育初期作物系数的模拟效果最好(R2=0.65)。东北地区全生育期春玉米作物系数在0.756~0.815范围内变化,在空间分布上,高值区主要分布在东北地区西部,低值区主要分布于黑龙江省北部的局部地区和辽宁省的东南部。不同生育阶段的作物系数,在生育中期最大,快速生长期次之,生育初期和末期总体较小。近70年东北地区春玉米全生育期作物系数年际变化呈显著下降趋势(R2=0.38),作物系数倾向率达到-0.004/(10 a)。在各个生育阶段,作物系数年际变化均呈下降趋势,黑龙江省下降最为明显,吉林省和内蒙古自治区东部次之,辽宁省变化不明显。东北地区绝大部分站点作物系数基本呈下降趋势,呈下降趋势和显著下降趋势的站点占比分别达到92.5%、64.5%。就不同生育阶段而言,快速生长期下降趋势最为明显(呈显著下降趋势站点占比为46.7%);在生育中期及末期,下降趋势也较为明显(呈显著下降趋势站点占比分别为41.1%和34.6%),在生育初期下降趋势不显著。Crop coefficient is an important parameter for estimating the change of water demand in crop growing season. Based on the meteorological and spring maize observations of 107 meteorological stations in the Northeast China from 1951 to 2018,the spring maize coefficients calculated by the model of crop coefficients were validated by using different crop coefficient correction formulas. The interannual variation trends and spatial distribution characteristics of crop coefficients during the whole period and each growth stage were analyzed by using spatial interpolation. The results showed that the single crop coefficient method considering the influence of wind speed and humidity had the best effect on the simulation of crop coefficient in the early stage of spring maize( R2= 0. 65). The coefficient of spring maize crops in the full growth period in the Northeast China was varied from 0. 756 to 0. 815. The spatial distribution of high-value areas was mainly distributed in the western part of Northeast China,and the low-value areas were mainly distributed in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and the southeastern part of Liaoning Province. Crop coefficients at different fertility stages were the largest in the middle of fertility,followed by the rapid growth period,and the early and late stages of childbearing were generally small. In the past 70 years,the interannual variation of crop coefficient of spring maize in the Northeast China showed a significant downward trend( R2= 0. 38),and the tendency rate of crop coefficient reached-0. 004/( 10 a). In each reproductive period,the interannual changes of Kcshowed a declining trend,Heilongjiang Province had the most obvious decline,followed by Jilin Province and eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region,changes of Liaoning Province were not obvious. The crop coefficient of most stations in Northeast China showed a decreasing trend,the decreasing trend and the significant decreasing trend accounted for 92. 5% and 64. 5% respectively. In different growth stag

关 键 词：春玉米 作物系数 趋势变化 时空分布 东北地区 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]