生物炭对黑土区土壤水分扩散与溶质弥散持续效应研究  

Persistent Effect of Biochar on Soil Water Diffusion and Solute Dispersion in Black Soil Region

作　　者：魏永霞 王鹤[1] 肖敬萍 刘慧 WEI Yongxia;WANG He;XIAO Jingping;LIU Hui(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学理学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第4期308-319,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51479033);黑龙江省博士后面上资助经费项目(LBH-Z17017);东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放项目(2017009)。

摘　　要：为探究施用生物炭对黑土区坡耕地土壤水分扩散和溶质弥散的持续效应,于2016-2019年在1.5°、3°、5°的径流小区开展了生物炭持续效应试验,分析了单次施加生物炭对土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量、Boltzmann变换参数ξ、非饱和土壤水分扩散率D(θ)、非饱和土壤水动力弥散系数Dsh(θ)的持续作用。结果表明:土壤中单次添加生物炭后的4年内均可显著降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度、增加土壤中有机质含量,且各指标变化率均随坡度增大、施炭年限延长而减小;坡度、年份、是否施用生物炭3个因素中,对土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量影响程度最大的均为是否施用生物炭;施用生物炭增大了ξ,且ξ随坡度增加、施炭后年限延长逐年减小。2016-2019年D(θ)与Dsh(θ)均随土壤含水率的增加而迅速增加。当土壤含水率小于等于0.42 cm^3/cm^3时,生物炭抑制土壤水分扩散;当土壤含水率大于0.42 cm^3/cm^3时,生物炭促进土壤水分扩散。当土壤含水率小于等于0.36 cm^3/cm^3时,生物炭抑制土壤中Na Cl溶液的弥散;当土壤含水率大于0.36 cm^3/cm^3时,生物炭可以促进土壤中NaCl溶液的弥散。试验区θ处于0.20~0.35 cm^3/cm^3,故施用生物炭对水分扩散、Na Cl溶液弥散均具有抑制效果,且生物炭对水分扩散和溶液弥散抑制效果均随坡度增加、施炭后年限延长而减弱。In order to explore the effect of applying biochar on soil water diffusion and solute dispersion in sloping farmland in black soil area,the biochar effect test was carried out on a typical slope of 1. 5°,3°and 5° in 2016-2019. The effects of carbon on soil bulk density,porosity,organic matter content,Boltzmann transformation parameter( ξ),unsaturated soil water diffusion rate D( θ),and unsaturated soil hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient Dsh( θ) in the single application of biochar were analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density was significantly decreased,and soil porosity and soil organic matter content were significantly increased in the soil within a year after the addition of biochar. And the changing rate of each index was decreased with the increase of slope and the extension of carbonation period. Among the three factors of slope,year and whether to apply biochar,the most significant effects on soil bulk density,porosity,organic matter content were whether or not to apply biochar. Biochar increased the ξ,and the ξ was increased with the slope of soil,and the length of carbon was reduced year by year. From 2016 to 2019,D( θ) and Dsh( θ) were both increased rapidly with the increase of soil water content( θ) . When θ≤0. 42 cm^3/cm^3,biochar inhibited soil moisture diffusion,and when θ >0. 42 cm^3/cm^3,biochar promoted soil water diffusion. When θ≤0. 36 cm^3/cm^3,biochar inhibited the dispersion of NaCl solution in the soil,and when θ > 0. 36 cm^3/cm^3,biochar can promote the dispersion of NaCl solution in the soil. The soil water content in experimental zone was in the range of 0. 20 ~0. 35 cm^3/cm^3,thus the biochar had an inhibitory effect on water diffusion and NaCl solution dispersion,and the effect of biochar on water diffusion and solution dispersion was decreased with the increase of slope and prolonged years after charcoal application.

关 键 词：生物炭 黑土区 Boltzmann变换参数 非饱和土壤水分扩散率 非饱和土壤水动力弥散参数 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S152.71[农业科学—农业基础科学]