不同泥炭占比栽培基质理化性质及其对黄瓜产量和品质的影响  

Physicochemical properties of cultivation substrates with different peat proportions and its effects on yield and quality of cucumber

作　　者：孙平平 吴玉凤 张凯鸣 蔡依林 陈学好 姚粉霞 居静 赵海涛 SUN Pingping;WU Yufeng;ZHANG Kaiming;CAI Yilin;CHEN Xuehao;YAO Fenxia;JU Jing;ZHAO Haitao(J iangsu Yangzhou Agricultural Environmental Sa fety Technology Service Center/College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Riverside Ex perimental School of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 211101,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省扬州农业环境安全技术服务中心,江苏扬州225127 [2]南京晓庄学院滨河实验学校,南京211101

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第1期97-104,共8页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(18)2003、CX(17)2004];扬州市校合作专项(YZ2019136);江苏省苏北科技专项(SZ-HA2017009)。

摘　　要：以泥炭为主料、以蛭石和珍珠岩为辅料配制成栽培基质,在大田设施条件下栽培黄瓜,研究泥炭用量对栽培基质理化性质及黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:增加泥炭用量有利于提高栽培基质容重,降低总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和pH值。添加蛭石更有利于增加容重和持水孔隙度,提升使用后提高栽培基质的全钾和速效磷含量,增加黄瓜叶片氮、磷、钾累积。添加珍珠岩更有利于提升栽培基质总孔隙度和pH值,以及使用后栽培基质的全氮和硝态氮含量。25%泥炭体积占比的栽培基质有利于黄瓜叶片中氮、磷、钾积累,增加黄瓜果实产量和单株果数,降低果实硝酸盐含量,基质使用后pH值更接近于中性;50%泥炭体积占比有利于提升黄瓜单果重和果实可溶性蛋白质含量,有利于使用后基质维持较高的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和全磷含量;75%泥炭体积占比有利于提升黄瓜单果长和果实维生素C含量,有利于提升使用后栽培基质的电导率(EC)值,以及全氮、氨氮、速效磷、硝态氮等含量。该试验条件下,泥炭、蛭石和珍珠岩体积比为2∶3∶3时栽培基质最有利于黄瓜果实产量的增加,泥炭和蛭石体积比为3∶1时栽培基质最有利于黄瓜果实品质的提升。In order to determine the physicochemical properties of cultivation substrates and its effects on yield and quality of cucumber with different peat dosage, the cultivation substrates was prepared with peat as the main material, vermiculite and perlite as the auxiliary materials and cucumber was cultivated under field facilities. The results showed that increasing peat content was beneficial in increasing bulk density, decreasing total porosity, water-holding porosity and pH value of cultivation substrates. The addition of vermiculite was more conducive to increasing bulk density and water-holding porosity, improving the total potassium and rapidly available phosphorus content of the cultivated substrate after cultivated, and increasing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in cucumber leaves. Perlite addition was more conducive to improving the total porosity, and pH value, as well as the total nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen content of the cultivated substrates after use. The cultivation substrates with 25% peat volume ratio was conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cucumber leaves, the increase of cucumber fruit yield and fruit number per plant, and the decrease of fruit nitrate content. The pH value of the substrate was closer to neutral after use. 50% peat volume proportion was beneficial to increase the weight of cucumber per fruit and soluble protein content, and to maintain high total porosity, water-holding porosity and total phosphorus content of the substrates after use. 75% peat volume proportion was beneficial to increase the single fruit length and Vc content of cucumber,EC value of cultivation substrates after use,as well as total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,nitrate and other contents.In conclusion,the cultivation substrates with a volume ratio of 2∶3∶3 of peat,vermiculite and perlite was most conducive to the increase of cucumber fruit yield,and the cultivationsubstrates with a volume ratio of 3∶1 of peat and vermiculite

关 键 词：黄瓜 栽培基质 泥炭 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S604.3[农业科学—园艺学] S642.2