不同收获时期对花生产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Harvest Time on Yield and Quality of Peanut

作　　者：郭峰[1] 李庆凯[1] 范仲学[1] 崔利 孟静静[1] 唐朝辉[1] 李新国[1] 万书波[1] Guo Feng;Li Qingkai;Fan Zhongxue;Cui LiMeng;Jingjing;Tang Zhaohui;Li Xinguo;Wan Shubo(Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Ecology and Physiology,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2020年第3期84-90,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900)。

摘　　要：以"花育22号"和"花育20号"为试验材料,设置8月1日、8月18日和9月4日3个收获期,分析不同收获期对花生产量和籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:延迟收获显著增加花生饱果率(P<0.05),"花育22号"增幅较大。随收获期延长,两品种油酸和O/L值显著增加,精氨酸及"花育22号"蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、天冬氨酸、5种人体半必需氨基酸总含量和总氨基酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。9月4日收获降低了两品种其他人体非必需氨基酸总量及"花育20号"赖氨酸、酪氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和人体半必需氨基酸总含量,增加了两品种粗脂肪含量、"花育22号"甘氨酸和蛋白质及"花育20号"色氨酸含量(P<0.05)。"花育22号"谷氨酸和亮氨酸及"花育20号"总氨基酸和蛋白质含量均呈先升后降的趋势。两品种脂肪含量、"花育20号"蛋白质含量均与积温和日照时数呈正相关,而"花育22号"蛋白质的含量与积温和日照时数呈负相关。从食用角度来看,"花育22号"宜早收获,而"花育20号"宜正常成熟,适当延后收获;从油用角度分析,两品种均应适当晚收。We took“Huayu 22”and“Huayu 20”as the experimental materials to analyze the effects of different harvest time on the yield and quality of peanut,and the three harvest date were August 1,August 18 and September 4,respectively.The results showed that:The fruit filling rate of the two varieties of peanuts significantly increased with the delay of the harvest time(P<0.05),with“Huayu 22”increase rate being bigger.With the delay of harvest time,the oleic acid,O/L values and arginine of the two varieties significantly increased,while the methionine,threonine,proline,aspartic acid,total human semi-essential amino acids and total amino acid content in“Huyu 22”seeds decreased significantly.When the peanuts were harvested on September 4,the total non-essential amino acids of human body in the two varieties and the lysine,tyrosine,alanine,aspartic acid and total human semi-essential amino acids in“Huyu 20”were significantly reduced,while the crude fat of the two varieties,the glycine and protein in“Huyu 22”and the content of tryptophan in“Huyu 20”increased significantly(P<0.05).At the three harvest dates,the contents of glutamic acid and leucine in“Huayu 22”and the total amino acid and protein content in“Huayu 20”firstly increased,and then decreased.The fat content of the two varieties and the protein content of“Huyu 20”were positively correlated with accumulated temperature and sunshine hours,while the protein content of“Huyu 22”showed negative correlation.From the perspective of edible use,“Huayu 22”should be harvested early,while“Huayu 20”should be matured properly and appropriately delayed.From the perspective of oil use,the harvest of both varieties should be properly delayed.

关 键 词：花生 收获时期 品种 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]