从新出土钱币看中国文化在金帐汗国的传播  

The Spread of Chinese Culture in the Golden Horde based on the new unearthed Coins

作　　者：马晓林[1]  Ma Xiaolin;Е.М.Pigarev

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院 [2]俄罗斯鞑靼斯坦科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2020年第2期17-24,170,共9页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：北京大学国际汉学家研修基地“马可·波罗研究”项目的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：考古出土钱币,是研究金帐汗国及其内外文化交流的重要资料。近二十年来的考古发掘与研究,重新勘定了金帐汗国两座都城旧萨莱、新萨莱的遗址。本文刊布了伏尔加河下游克拉斯诺亚尔斯克遗址(旧萨莱)发现的一枚“青驹”打马格钱,以及谢里季连诺耶遗址(新萨莱)发现的两枚北宋铜钱。这三枚铜钱以及北高加索、里海黑海地区零散出土的一些中国铜钱,应该都是在13~14世纪沿着丝绸之路从中国传来的。这些铜钱在金帐汗国不作为货币,而是承载了纪念、压胜功能。中国铜钱和压胜钱习俗,与陶瓷、织物、金属器等物质文化一同输入金帐汗国治下的伏尔加河下游、北高加索、里海黑海地区。这是目前发现时间最早、出土地域最西的古代中国钱币。The coins unearthed through the archaeology are the important materials for the studies on the Golden Horde and its cultural interaction with others.Over the past twenty years excavation and research,archaeologists have reidentified two capital cities of the Golden Horde,the Old Sarai named Krasnoyarskogo ruin,and New Sarai called Selitrennoye ruin,both in Lower Volga River area.Recently,one Chinese"Blue Colt"Da-Ma-Ge horse chess coin presented in this paper was found in the Krasnoyarskogo ruin.Other two Northern Song coins were found in the Selitrennoye ruin.It is highly probable that the three Chinese coins,so as the others unearthed sporadically along the North Caucasia and Pontic^Caspian region were actually brought from China through the Silk Road during the 13th^14th centuries.These bronze coins likely to be used as souvenir or amulet rather than currency.Under the ruling of the Golden Horde,the Chinese coins and the custom of using amulet coins came together with porcelains,textiles and metal objects into the Lower Volga,North Caucasia and Pontic^Caspian regions.These coins are the earliest Chinese coins ever discovered in the westmost area away from China.

关 键 词：丝绸之路 金帐汗国 蒙古帝国 北宋钱币 压胜钱 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]