东盟扩员的制度困境——以东帝汶为例  

The Institutional Dilemma of ASEAN Enlargement——Taking Timor-Leste as an Example

作　　者：周士新[1,2] ZHOU Shixin

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院外交政策研究所 [2]上海国际问题研究院亚太研究中心

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2019年第6期30-38,共9页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：东盟在发展过程中经历了两次扩员阶段,当前只有东帝汶正式申请加入东盟。东盟接纳新成员的过程也是其制度建设不断完善的过程。随着《东盟宪章》的通过和批准,东盟对接纳新成员的规范要求也更加制度化,但也随之为接纳新成员设定了一些难以逾越的障碍。除了申请国必须具备东南亚国家的特征,还要具有履行东盟成员国义务的能力和意愿等。此外,东盟既有成员国基于自身和集体利益的考虑,在接纳新成员的议题上也越来越难以形成共识。东帝汶自2011年就开始申请加入东盟,也参与了东盟的一些活动,但目前依然处于审核阶段,距离真正加入东盟似乎还比较遥远。东盟接纳新成员的难度越来越大,凸显了东盟制度建设中规范模糊、执行较难、效率较低的困境,成为推进东南亚地区进一步一体化的障碍。ASEAN has experienced two stages of expansion during its history.Currently,only Timor Least has officially applied to join ASEAN.The process of ASEAN’s accepting new members is also the process of continuous improvementof its system institutions.With the adoption and approval of the ASEAN Charter,ASEAN’s regular requirements for accepting new members have become more institutionalized,but also have set some insurmountable obstacles.In addition to its geographic identity of a Southeast Asian country,the applicant must also have the ability and willingness to fulfill the obligations of ASEAN member states.Furthermore,it is increasingly difficult for ASEAN’s existing member states to reach an agreement on accepting new members based on their own and collective interests.Since 2011,Timor-Leste has applied to join ASEAN and has actively participated in some activities of ASEAN,but it is still in the review stage.It seems that Timor-Leste is still far away from the actual accession to ASEAN.It is more and more difficult for ASEAN to accept new members,highlighting ASEAN’s dilemma of vague regulation,difficult implementation and low efficiency in building its institutions,and becomes an obstacle to further integration in Southeast Asia.

关 键 词：东帝汶 东盟 《曼谷宣言》 《东盟宪章》 成员资格 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]