浅析科技优先领域选择实践中的困境与误区  

Analysis on the Dilemma and Misunderstanding in the Selection of Priority Areas in Science and Technology

作　　者：蒋芳[1] 侯华丽[2] 董萌 肖小溪[3] Jiang Fang;Hou Huali;Dong Meng;Xiao Xiaoxi(Bureau of Development Planning,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;Institute of Land and Resources Planning,Chinese Academy of Land and Resources Economics,Beijing 101149,China;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院发展规划局,北京100864 [2]中国国土资源经济研究院,北京101149 [3]中国科学院科技战略与咨询研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2020年第6期42-48,共7页Science and Technology Management Research

摘　　要：着眼以往科技优先领域选择相关实践中的困境和误区,剖析在价值准则、内涵认知、参与机制、评价方法、资源配置、实施机制方面的常见问题。在科技优先领域选择价值导向中隐含的实用主义倾向,易使研究工作趋于保守,难以形成系统性突破;对科技优先领域的内涵认知固化,仍以考虑研究主题或科技项目为主,与平台、机构、能力建设等其他支持渠道各自为战,难以形成组合效应;多元主体对科技优先领域的偏好差异往往被忽略,参与形式、参与程度、参与质量有待提升;在科技优先领域的形成过程中,收敛阶段的质量控制相对薄弱,易使科技优先领域重复分散;科技优先领域与资源配置的关联机制不够透明,公私部门的协调配合不足,影响创新全链条的贯通;不同实施主体之间的对话衔接机制缺失,难以形成实质协同,从而影响整体的创新表现。建议树立与科技强国目标相匹配的价值导向;处理好优先和一般、主流和非主流、大科学与小科学等结构关系;优化优先领域组合策略,提高参与质量和开放程度,改进“减法”过程设计,强化资源配置联动和实施机制安排。This paper focuses on the dilemma and misunderstandings in the past practice of selecting scientific and technological priority areas,analyzes the common problems of value criterion,connotation cognition,participation mechanism,evaluation method,resource allocation,implementation mechanism.The tendency of pragmatism leads to conservative research,which makes it difficult to output systematic breakthrough.The connotation on priority areas is still thematic-oriented,which makes it difficult to form a combination effect with other support to platforms,institutions and innovation capacity;the role differences of stakeholders are usually neglected,and the form,degree and quality of participation need to be improved;in the process of forming priority areas,the quality control in the convergence stage is relatively weak,which possibly leads to redundant research;the linkage between priority areas and resource allocation is close to the public,and the coordination between the public sector and the private sector is insufficient,which hinders the whole chain of innovation;the lack of communication mechanism between different executors makes it difficult to form substantive coordination,so as to affect the overall innovation performance.It is suggested that we should set up the value orientation that matches the goal of scientific and technological power;to deal with the priority and general,mainstream and non-mainstream,big science and small science and other structural relations;and optimize priority area combination strategy,improve participation quality and openness,improve"subtraction"process design,strengthen resource allocation linkage and implementation mechanism arrangement.

关 键 词：科学选择 优先领域 科技规划 科技战略 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]