某省职业性苯接触作业工人的健康状况分析  

Investigation on the health status of workers exposed to benzene in one province

作　　者：刘小安 徐宇萍 郭昌烜 刘永泉 Liu Xiaoan;Xu Yuping;Guo Changxuan;Liu Yongquan(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention,Nanchang 330006,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省职业病防治研究院,南昌330006

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2020年第3期231-234,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨职业性苯接触作业工人健康现况,为制定合理的健康监护和采取有效的防护措施提供科学依据.方法于2019年3月,收集2017年江西省150家企业7810名苯接触作业工人作为研究对象,分析其年龄、性别和工龄等一般情况及血压、心电图、血常规、尿常规、肝功能等职业健康监护数据,评估健康状况.结果7810名苯接触作业工人中男性5451人、女性2359人,平均年龄为(40.5±9.9)岁,苯接触作业工龄中位数为3.5年.苯接触作业工人高血压检出率为17.0%(734/4317),尿常规异常率为15.7%(1227/7810),肝功能异常率为8.6%(356/4147),心电图异常率为12.3%(963/7810).苯接触作业工人白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞指标减少检出率以及职业禁忌证检出率分别为4.6%(360/7810)、1.4%(108/7810)、4.2%(330/7810)和1.4%(110/7810).女性工人白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞减少检出率均高于男性(P<0.05);苯接触作业工人血小板、中性粒细胞减少检出率和职业禁忌证检出率均随着年龄和工龄增大而升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同经济类型企业苯接触作业工人白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞减少检出率及职业禁忌证检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),均以外商经济企业较高,其次为私有经济企业;不同企业规模苯接触作业工人血小板、中性粒细胞减少检出率及职业禁忌证检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),均以微型企业较高,其次为小型企业.结论江西省2017年苯接触作业工人职业健康状况不容乐观,应加大对微小型企业、外商经济企业和私有经济企业的职业卫生监管,完善健康监护,切实保护劳动者身心健康.Objective To explore the health status of occupational benzene exposure workers,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of reasonable health monitoring and effective protective measures.Methods In March 2019,the occupational health surveillance data were collected including blood pressure,electrocardiogram,blood routine,urine routine,liver function,etc of 7810 benzene contact workers in 150 enterprises in Jiangxi Province in 2017,to analyze and assess their health status.Results Among the 7810 benzene workers,there were 5451 males and 2359 females;the average age was(40.5±9.9)years;and the median benzene working age was 3.5 years.The detection rate of hypertension was 17.0%(734/4317),the abnormal rate of urine routine was 15.7%(1227/7810),the abnormal rate of liver function was 8.6%(356/4147),and the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram was 12.3%(963/7810).The detection rates of low count number of leukocytes,platelets,neutrophils and occupational contraindications were 4.6%(360/7810),1.4%(108/7810),4.2%(330/7810)and 1.4%(110/7810),respectively.The detection rates of low count number of leukocytes,platelets and neutrophils in female were all higher than those in male(P<0.05).The detection rates of low count number of platelets,neutropenia and occupational contraindications increased with age and working age(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the detection rates of low count number of leukocytes,platelets,neutrophils and occupational contraindications among benzene workers in different economic types(P<0.05),and the highest among foreign companies,followed by private enterprise.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of low count number of platelets,neutrophils and occupational contraindications in benzene workers of different enterprise sizes(P<0.05),and the highest was found in micro enterprises,followed by small enterprises.Conclusion In 2017,the occupational health status of workers exposed to benzene in Jiangxi province is not optimistic.It is necessary

关 键 词：苯 职业暴露 职业健康 监护 职业卫生监管 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]