地下滴灌苜蓿根瘤菌的接种效应  

Effect of Rhizobium inoculation on alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation

作　　者：热比姑丽·热合曼 罗明[1,2] 李卫军 Rebigul·Rehman;LUO Ming;LI Weijun(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Pest Monitoring and Safety Control,Xinjiang Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆自治区高校农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第3期497-505,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2016D03014);国家自然科学基金(31660159);国家现代农业产业技术体系“牧草现代产业技术体系”(CARS35)。

摘　　要：采用绿色荧光蛋白基因(green fluorescent protein,GFP)标记的苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)XGL026菌株接种,研究大田地下滴灌条件下根瘤菌的竞争结瘤性能和对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响。结果表明:对生长4年的1~3茬苜蓿通过地下滴灌滴施接种根瘤菌能显著增加1~3茬苜蓿结瘤数、根瘤重,提高占瘤率(P<0.05)。接种根瘤菌处理较未接菌常规施肥(N+P+K)和仅施磷肥(P)处理,1~3茬苜蓿平均结瘤数分别增加16.4个和21.2个,每株根瘤重增加0.029和0.033 g;在1~3茬苜蓿上的平均占瘤率为49%,最高可达78%。接种根瘤菌能显著增加1~3茬苜蓿的鲜、干草产量,较未接菌对照平均分别提高15.8%和18.9%。粗蛋白含量增加2.16%,NDF和ADF分别降低3.25%和5.00%,明显改善了苜蓿草的品质。接种根瘤菌同时施用氮肥和磷肥(XGL026+N+P)较接种根瘤菌施用磷肥(XGL026+P)处理其接种效果更佳。研究结果证明,与常规施肥P+N+K处理相比,XGL026+N+P不仅具有良好的接种效应,显著增加结瘤能力,而且提高了草产量和提升品质,减少了肥料的施用量。本研究为地下滴灌模式下应用根瘤菌接种,促进苜蓿生产的提质增效提供了科学依据。A locally isolated Rhizobium strain(Sinorhizobium meliloti XGL026)labeled with the green fluorescent protein(GFP)gene was used to inoculate alfalfa to quantify competitive nodulation performance and evaluate the effect on yield and quality of alfalfa in the field under subsurface drip irrigation.The results showed that inoculating rhizobia under drip irrigation from the first to third cuts of 4-year-old alfalfa could significantly increase the number and weight of nodules and increase the percentage of nodules(P<0.05).Compared to controls with only N+P+K and P applications,Rhizobium inoculation treatment increased the average nodule number from the first to third cuts by 16.4 and 21.2 per individual plant,the average nodule weight by 0.029 and 0.033 g,and the average nodulation rate by 49%and 78%,respectively.Rhizobium inoculation could significantly increase the fresh and dry yield from the first to third cuts by 15.8%and 18.9%,respectively,compared with those of the controls.The crude protein content increased by 2.16%,whereas the NDF and ADF decreased by 3.25%and 5.00%,respectively,which indicated that the quality of alfalfa was significantly improved.The effect of applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and simultaneously inoculating with rhizobia(treatment XGL026+N+P)was better than applying only phosphorus and inoculating with rhizobia(XGL026+P).The results showed that XGL026+N+P had better inoculation effect;it also significantly increased the nodulation capacity,and yield and quality of alfalfa,and reduced the application of chemical fertilizers.This study provides a scientific basis for the application of Rhizobium inoculation to improve the quality and efficiency of alfalfa production under drip irrigation.

关 键 词：根瘤菌 接种 苜蓿 产量 地下滴灌 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]