设施菜地WHCNS_Veg水氮管理模型  

Integrated water and nitrogen management model of WHCNS_Veg for greenhouse vegetable production system

作　　者：梁浩 胡克林 孙媛 吕浩峰 林杉 Liang Hao;Hu Kelin;Sun Yuan;LüHaofeng;Lin Shan(College of Agricultural Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100193,China;Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业工程学院,南京210098 [2]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京100193 [3]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第5期96-105,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(41807009);国家重点研发计划项目资助(2016YFD0201202)。

摘　　要：与一般大田作物相比,设施菜地集约化程度高、水肥投入量大,加上蔬菜根系浅,土壤养分淋失严重,不仅浪费资源,而且极易引起地下水污染等生态环境问题。定量研究设施蔬菜不同生长阶段的土壤水分动态和氮素去向是制定合理水氮管理方案的基础。该研究在农田土壤水热碳氮模拟模型(soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator,WHCNS)的土壤水分、碳氮循环模块的基础上,耦合了蔬菜生长发育过程模型,构建了适用于设施菜地水氮管理的机理模型WHCNS_Veg。分别利用山东寿光的设施黄瓜和天津武清的设施番茄田间观测数据,主要包括不同水氮管理措施下实测的土壤水分(含水率和基质势)、土壤氮素(硝态氮含量和淋失量)、植株吸氮量和蔬菜可售卖鲜产量,对WHCNS_Veg模型进行了校准与验证。结果表明,作物生物学指标的模拟精度要高于土壤指标,模拟的黄瓜、番茄产量和植株吸氮量的相对均方根误差不大于12.1%、一致性指数不小于0.934和Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数不小于0.829。土壤指标中,土壤含水率的模拟效果也较好,相对均方根误差、一致性指数和Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数的范围分别为6.2%~9.1%、0.851~0.960和0.477~0.846;其次是土壤硝态氮含量和淋失量,相对均方根误差范围分别为22.2%~40.1%和4.6%~26.0%,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数范围分别为-0.810~0.636和0.442~0.956。模型对土壤基质势动态模拟的精度相对较低,相对均方根误差、一致性指数和Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数范围分别为22.9%~30.1%、0.223~0.846和-6.344~0.113,主要是滴灌条件下模拟效果较差导致的,说明需要进一步提高滴灌条件下土壤基质势的模拟精度。总体来看,WHCNS_Veg模型较好地模拟了不同水氮管理条件下土壤水氮动态和蔬菜生物学指标,该模型在设施菜地水氮管理方面具有较大的应用潜力。Excessive water and nitrogen(N) input and shallow root systems have led to serious N loss in greenhouse vegetable production system(GVPS), thereby threatening the soil and water-body environments. Identifying the fates of water and N is crucial to develop best management strategies in intensive GVPS. Soil-crop models are important as a water and N management tool to tradeoff crop yield and environmental cost. The objectives of this study were to develop a scientific water and N management tool for intensive GVPS in China, and evaluate the model performance in the simulating water dynamic, N fate and vegetable growth under different water and N management practices in China. In this study, based on the EU-Rotate_N model, a vegetable growth module was developed and fully incorporated into a soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator(WHCNS). The coupled model, i.e., WHCNS_Veg, combined the soil module of the WHCNS model with the vegetable growth module of the EU-Rotate_N model. The key processes included soil movement, soil water evaporation, crop transpiration, soil N transport and transformation(net N mineralization, nitrification, ammonia volatilization, and denitrification) and vegetable growth. Two field experiments conducted in Shouguang city, Shandong province, and Tianjin city, Hebei province were used to test the coupled WHCNS_Veg model. Cucumber and tomato were planted in solar greenhouses at Shouguang and Tianjing experiments, respectively. Similar irrigation and fertilization management practices were both setup in the two experiments: 1) Furrow irrigation with conventional N fertilizer(farmer’s practice), FP;2) Drip irrigation with optimal N fertilizer, OPT;3) FP plus crop residues, FPR;and 4) OPT plus crop residues, DOR. Field experiment data including soil water(soil water content and matrix potential), soil N(nitrate concentration and nitrate leaching), plant N uptake, and marketable fresh yield under different water and N management practices were collected in the experiments. Results showed that t

关 键 词：设施 蔬菜 水分 氮素 WHCNS_Veg 模型评价 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]