Effects of Increased Planting Density with ReducedNitrogen Application on Yield Formation and NitrogenUtilization of Autumn Maize  

增密与减氮对秋玉米产量形成与氮肥利用的影响

作　　者：ZHANG Meng PAN Gao-feng HUANG Yi-qin HE Jun-ou FANG Xue-dong LIU Zhi-hui ZHAN Ming 张萌;潘高峰;黄益勤;何俊欧;方雪东;刘志辉;展茗(华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉430070;襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441057;湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,湖北武汉430064)

机构地区：[1]College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,Wuhan 430070,PRC [2]Xiangyang Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441057,PRC [3]Institute of Grain Crop Research,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,PRC

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2019年第6期1-13,共13页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300308);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662015PY067)。

摘　　要：With the change of cropping system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing.However,the cultivation techniques are still under improvement for higher yield and nitrogen efficiency of autumn maize.Increase in planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important paths to achieve high yield and high nitrogen utilization efficiency.Meanwhile,the effect needs to be verified for autumn maize.The semi-compact autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 was planted under different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer amounts with the split plot design.Different nitrogen application rates were arranged in the main plots,including the conventional nitrogen application(N300,300 kg/hm^2),30%reduction from the conventional treatment(N210,210 kg/hm^2)and no nitrogen application(N0).Different planting densities were arranged in the sub-split plots,including the conventional planting density(D60,60000 plants/hm2),medium density(D78,78000 plants/hm^2)and high density(D93,93000 plants/hm2).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer,planting density and their interaction effects on canopy structure,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of autumn maize were studied.The nitrogen application rate and planting density had obvious interaction effects on the yield formation of autumn maize.Compared with the conventional cultivation(N300D60),increasing the planting density with 30%reduction in nitrogen application(N210)can obviously increase the canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield.However,there was no significant change in canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight and yield between D93 and D78.Compared with N300D60,nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen contribution proportion to grain nitrogen did not change significantly in autumn maize grown under N210 and D78 treatments,whereas nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and recovery and utilization effi随着长江中游种植制度的变化,秋玉米的种植面积在逐渐增加,高产、高效栽培技术有待优化,而通过提高种植密度配合氮肥减施,以协同实现秋玉米增产与氮素高效利用的效应还有待探讨。为此,以半紧凑型秋玉米品种勤玉58为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,施氮量为主区,设置常规施氮量处理(N300,300 kg/hm^2)、减氮30%处理(N210,210 kg/hm^2)及不施氮处理(N0);种植密度为副区,设置常规种植密度(D60,60000株/hm^2)、中密度(D78,78000株/hm^2)与高密度处理(D93,93000株/hm^2),探讨氮肥、密度及其互作对秋玉米冠层结构、干物质积累、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明:施氮量与种植密度对秋玉米产量形成有明显的互作效应。与常规种植相比(N300D60),减氮30%(N210)后,增加种植密度均能明显提高冠层光截获率、LAI及干物质积累量,粒重下降不明显,产量显著提高;但由中密度(D78)提高到高密度(D93)种植时,冠层光截获率、LAI、干物质积累量、粒重及产量均没有显著性变化。与常规种植相比(N300D60),减氮30%(N210)与中密度(D78)处理秋玉米的氮素转运效率及对籽粒氮的贡献率没有明显变化,但氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率及氮肥回收利用效率显著提高;当提高到高密度(D93)种植时,氮素转运效率与利用效率均显著提高。因此统筹考虑提高秋玉米产量及氮肥利用效率时,湖北省秋玉米品种勤玉58较适宜的种植密度为78000株/hm^2,施氮量为210 kg/hm^2,可实现增密增产减氮目标。

关 键 词：Autumn maize Planting density Nitrogen application rate YIELD Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]