食前处理方法对燃煤型氟中毒病区粮食氟含量的影响  

Effect of pretreatment method on food fluoride content in coal-burning fluorosis area

作　　者：彭昌艳 史亮晶[1] 王安伟[1] 黄开莲[1] 吴鹤松[1] 赵志花[1] 曹荣季 葛倩夏 叶枫[1] PENG Chang-yan;SHI Liang-jing;WANG An-wei;HUANG Kai-lian;WU He-song;ZHAO Zhi-hua;CAO Rong-ji;GE Qian-xia;YE Feng(Yunnan Provincial Institute of Endemic Diseases,Yunnan,Dali 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2020年第1期48-50,共3页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解云南省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区粮食食用前处理对氟含量的影响,为有效降低病区居民氟摄入量提供科学依据。方法选取鲁甸、富源、镇雄3个县在2005-2007年实施改良炉灶项目,改灶率达到95%以上(包括95%)的病区自然村及对应乡镇,每县抽取5个乡镇,每个乡镇抽取2个自然村作为调查点。采集家庭供人食用的主要食物(大米、玉米、辣椒),分别测定未处理、擦拭和淘洗后的氟含量,了解处理前后各病区粮食氟含量的变化情况。检测方法采用《食品中氟含量测定》(GB/T 5009.18)中的"氟离子选择电极法"。结果病区未处理样品氟含量辣椒>玉米>大米,中位数分别为3.95 mg/kg、0.71 mg/kg、0.36 mg/kg;玉米、辣椒擦拭和淘洗前后差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),可认为擦拭和淘洗均能降低粮食氟含量。结论食用前处理可明显降低燃煤型氟中毒病区粮食氟含量,且淘洗处理降氟效果更好,应指导病区群众养成食用前淘洗粮食的卫生习惯,尽量减少氟的摄入。Objective to investigate the influence of food pre treatment on fluorine content in the coal-burning fluorosis areas in Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific basis for reducing fluoride intake in endemic areas.Methods Three counties to implement improved stoves project in 2005-2007 Ludian, Zhenxiong Fuyuan, selected, modified Gaizao rate 95%(including 95%) in villages and the corresponding Township, 5 villages and towns of each county selected 2 villages in each town were selected as the survey point.The main foods(rice, corn and pepper) were collected and the content of fluoride in untreated and polished and washed rice was measured respectively.The change of fluoride content in food grains before and after treatment was investigated.The fluoride ion selective electrode method was used in the determination of fluorine content in foods(GB/T 5009.18).Results in untreated samples, the fluoride content in pepper> corn >rice, the median were 3.95 mg/kg, 0.71 mg/kg, 0.36 mg/kg;corn, chili wiping and washing and the differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05), that can reduce the wiping and washing the fluoride content in food.Conclusion The treatment before eating can significantly reduce the content of fluorine in coal burning fluorosis and food, washing treatment defluoridation effect is better, should guide the masses before eating food from ward develop health habits, reduce the intake of fluoride.

关 键 词：燃煤型氟中毒 粮食 氟化物 

分 类 号：R599.9[医药卫生—内科学]