江阴市从事开山采石接尘农民工晚发型矽肺调查  

Investigation of delayed silicosis among dust-exposed migrant workers in quarrying in Jiangyin City

作　　者：陈献文[1] 冯鸿义[1] 张捷[1] CHEN Xian-wen;FENG Hong-yi;ZHANG Jie(Institute of Occupational Disease Control,Jiangyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangyin Jiangsu,214431,China)

机构地区：[1]江阴市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,江苏江阴214431

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第2期165-167,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：2014年度江阴市社会发展科技计划项目(2014011)。

摘　　要：目的探讨江阴市开山采石接尘农民工晚发型矽肺的发病规律,为相关部门及其他类似企业做好脱尘农民工妥善安置提供政策依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心《健康危害因素监测信息系统》收集2006-2018年江阴市开山采石离岗农民工新发矽肺病历资料,从工种分布、接尘工龄、脱尘年限、晋期等方面进行调查。结果江阴市有857例从事开山采石作业农民工患者在2006年以后表现为脱尘后发病,主要为运搬工337例(占39.3%)、粉碎工148例(占17.3%)、凿岩工133例(占15.5%)。平均接尘工龄20(3~41)年,平均脱尘时间14(1~37)年;初诊矽肺时平均发病年龄62(38~84)岁;其中部分人员一旦发病即是贰期、叁期病例;随着脱尘年限的延长,其初诊发病年龄及接尘工龄均出现逐渐缩短的特征。结论开山采石作业导致的矽肺具有一定的潜伏期,即使在刚脱离粉尘环境时尚属于正常,过若干年仍有部分人员可发展为矽肺患者。对脱尘农民工的健康监护工作非常重要,加强脱尘者管理也是尘肺防治工作的重要内容。Objective To investigate the incidence regularity of delayed silicosis among dust-exposed migrant workers in quarrying in Jiangyin City,provide policy basis for relevant departments and other similar enterprises to properly settle migrant workers with past dust exposure. Methods The data of new silicosis cases in off-duty migrant workers in quarrying in Jiangyin City from 2006-2018 were collected from health factors monitoring information system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the investigation was performed from distribution of work types,length of dust exposure,time to disengage from dust and stage promotion. Results There were 857 cases of silicosis in migrant workers in quarrying in Jiangyin City gotsick after disengaging from dust since 2006,including 337 cases of transport workers(39.3%),148 cases of crushing workers(17.3%) and 133 cases of drilling workers(15.5%). The average length of dust exposure was 20 years(3-41 years),and the average time to disengage from dust was 14 years(1-37 years). The average age of first diagnosis of silicosis was 62 years(38-84 years),and some of these workers were in stage II or stage III at the first diagnosis. With the extension of time to disengage from dust,the age of onset at the first diagnosis and the length of dust exposure showed a trend of gradual shortening.Conclusion The silicosis caused by quarrying operation has a certain incubation period. In just leave dust when the examinations were normal results,still have a few years later partial personnel may develop for silicosis person. It is very important to pay attention to the health care of the migrant workers who had left dust environment,and to strengthen the management of workers leaving dust environment is also an important part of pneumoconiosis prevention and control work.

关 键 词：开山采石 晚发型矽肺 脱尘年限 接尘工龄 发病年龄 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]