2017-2018年天津市18家宾馆/酒店室内空气指标监测及其从业人员健康状况  

Indoor air index monitoring and employees’ health status of 18 hotels in Tianjin from 2017-2018

作　　者：张献伟 陈阳[2] 王玉雯[1] 于浩 赵岩[1] 张经纬[1] 冯利红[1] ZHANG Xian-wei;CHEN Yang;WANG Yu-wen;YU Hao;ZHAO Yan;ZHANG Jing-wei;FENG Li-hong(Institute of Environment and Health,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin,300011,China;Department of Environment Health and Food Safety,Hongqiao Distract Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin,300112,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康室,天津300011 [2]天津市红桥区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生和食品安全科,天津300132

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第2期207-210,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解天津市宾馆/酒店的卫生基本状况和主要健康危害因素,为加强公共场所卫生管理和疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 2017-2018年每年2次对18家宾馆/酒店的室内空气和公共用品用具微生物指标等健康危害因素进行监测,并调查从业人员卫生知识知晓率及健康状况。结果 2017-2018年18家宾馆/酒店空气监测指标不合格率比较,噪声(0.86%vs 40.98%)、苯(54.31%vs 97.54%)、二甲苯(93.97%vs 100.00%)、甲醛(84.48%vs 99.18%)、PM10(100.00%vs 87.60%)和PM2.5(97.41%vs 68.60%)差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。连续2年采集宾馆/酒店客房内公共用品用具样本监测菌落总数指标,仅毛巾(99.17%vs 95.04%)和床单(100.00%vs 94.66%)的2年监测合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。除纹眉刀外,从业人员对其他公共用品用具传播疾病的知晓率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。从业人员患病率冬季明显高于夏季,2年冬季患病率分别为33.3%和51.8%,夏季为21.5%和44.6%,其中呼吸系统患病率最高。结论天津市18家宾馆/酒店室内空气中苯、二甲苯、甲醛和噪声合格率低,PM10和PM2.5亦存在超标,部分公共用品用具菌落总数不合格,应加强监督监测,重视从业人员健康知识宣传教育,保障从业者和服务对象的健康。Objective To understand the basic health status and main health hazard factors of hotels in Tianjin,provide scientific basis for strengthening health management and disease prevention and control in public places. Methods From 2017-2018,health hazard factors such as indoor air and microbial indicators of public goods and appliances in 18 hotels were monitored twice a year,and the awareness rate of health knowledge and health status of employees were investigated. Results From 2017-2018,there were statistically significant differences in the unqualified rates of air monitoring indicators in 18 hotels,including noise(0.86% vs 40.98%),benzene(54.31% vs 97.54%),xylene(93.97% vs 100.00%),formaldehyde(84.48% vs 99.18%),PM10(100.00% vs 87.60%) and PM2.5(97.41% vs 68.60%)(all P<0.01). The colony count of samples of public goods and appliances in hotel rooms collected for two consecutive years were monitored,and there were statistically significant differences in the qualified rate of towels(99.17% vs 95.04%) and sheets(100.00% vs 94.66%) between two years. Except eyebrow knife,there were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of disease transmitted by other public utensils in employees(all P<0.01).The prevalence rate of employees in winter was significantly higher than that in summer,the prevalence rate in winter in two years was 33.3% and 51.8% respectively,while that in summer was 21.5% and 44.6% respectively,and the prevalence rate of respiratory system diseases was the highest. Conclusion The qualified rates of benzene,xylene,formaldehyde and noise in indoor air in 18 hotels of Tianjin are low,the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 exceed the standard,and the colony count of some public appliances is unqualified. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and monitoring,and pay attention to health education among employees,to protect the health of employee and service objects.

关 键 词：宾馆/酒店 公共场所 危害因素 健康状况 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]