岩石大地构造学说的兴起、没落与新生  

The Rise, Fall and Reborn of the Petrotectonic Theory

作　　者：张旗[1] 李明超[2] 陈万峰 金维浚[1] 焦守涛 刘欣雨[5] 韩帅[2] ZHANG Qi;LI Mingchao;CHEN Wanfeng;JIN Weijun;JIAO Shoutao;LIU Xinyu;HAN Shuai(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China(Gansu Province),School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Research Center for Earth Environment and Resources,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300354 [3]兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中山大学地球环境与地球资源研究中心,广东广州510275 [5]西北大学地质学系,大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2020年第2期289-296,共8页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室项目(81300001);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600510、2018YFC1505501)联合资助。

摘　　要：在板块构造环境中形成的岩石组合(rock assemblages)被称为岩石大地构造组合(petrotectonic assemblages)。岩石大地构造学说创立于20世纪70~80年代,经历了兴起、没落与新生的曲折过程。研究表明,由Pearce等学者创立的岩石大地构造学说的理论基本正确,概括来说,洋中脊、洋岛和岛弧三大构造背景的源区是不同的,这是玄武岩判别图的理论基础。目前的情况是,三大构造背景源区不均一性可能比早先认为的更复杂。由于不同构造环境源区的复杂性,早先的玄武岩判别图采用的是抽样数据、典型地区、精确数据,显然不适合全球数据海量积累的情况,遂使玄武岩判别理论遇到了瓶颈。我们的研究发现,不同构造背景的所有岩石、矿物(包括玄武岩、苦橄岩、辉长岩、堆晶岩、橄榄石、单斜辉石、尖晶石等)几乎都保留了不同构造背景的“基因”信息,并且大多可采用大数据方法予以识别,遂使岩石大地构造学说焕发了青春。虽然本文提出了不同构造环境存在不同“基因”的假说,按照大数据方法判别的效果显著增加了。但是,这个不同构造背景的“基因”究竟是什么仍然不清楚。此外,上述“基因”假说的理论解释还非常不足,需要今后进一步探讨。The rock assemblages formed in modern plate tectonic environments are called petrotectonic assemblages.Founded in the 1970s and 1980s,the theory has undergone a complicated process of rise,fall and reborn.This research showed that the theory of petrotectonics established by Pearce and other scholars is basically correct.In a word,the source areas of magmas in the three kind of tectonic settings including the mid-ocean ridge,oceanic island and island arc are substantially different.Indeed,the heterogeneity of the sources in the three tectonic settings may be much complex than previously thought of.Due to the complexity of source areas in the different tectonic settings and the fact that the diverse sampling protocols,regions,and accuracy of the data,the massive accumulation of global data may not suitable for basalt discrimination.Our study revealed that rocks as well as minerals within them(including basalt,picrite,gabbro,cumulate rocks,olivine,monoclinic pyroxene,spinel,etc.)may bear the“genes”of their tectonic settings,and big data method can be used to identify most of them.This may be a rebirth of the petrotectonic theory.Although specific“genes”for igneous rocks of different tectonic settings await further investigation,big data method can significantly improve the validity of geochemical discrimination.In addition,the theoretical explanation of the above gene hypothesis is still inadequate,and needs further investigation.

关 键 词：岩石 大地构造 判别图 “基因” 粒子说 构造环境 大数据 

分 类 号：P581[天文地球—岩石学] P595[天文地球—地质学]