英国“猎巫运动”中的王权扩张  

The Expansion of the Kingship in the British Witch-Hunting

作　　者：李静[1] 张晓华[1] LI Jing;ZHANG Xiaohua

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界中古所,长春130024

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2020年第1期91-103,M0004,共14页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：英国"猎巫运动"最重要的特征是以王权为主导、以法律为手段。玫瑰战争削弱了贵族力量,国王权力得到加强。亨利八世、伊丽莎白一世及詹姆斯一世等国王打击民间巫术信仰和异端活动,斡旋教派间的关系,借猎巫扩张权力,以法令形式将巫术活动定为重罪;派任巡回法官负责全国巫术等重刑案件,聘用职业猎巫人和治安法官负责巡回法庭休庭时的巫术侦查与审理。通过上述活动,国王掌握了巫术等重罪的最终裁决权,实现了对地方司法权的控制,同时也防止了猎巫狂潮的发生。The most important feature of the British witch-hunting was that it was dominated by the King and carried on by means of law.The Wars of the Roses weakened the aristocracy and the power of the king strengthened.The king of Henry Ⅷ,Elizabeth I and James I cracked down on folk witchcraft beliefs and heresy,mediated sectarian relations,used witch hunting to expand his power,and made witchcraft a felony in the form of decrees.They assigned Circuit Judges to take charge of the country’s heavy cases of witchcraft.They also employed Witch-finders and Justice of the Peace to conduct witchcraft investigations and trials during the adjournment of the Circuit Court.Through these activities,the king took the final adjudication power of felony such as witchcraft,controlled the local judicial power and prevented occurrence of witch-hunting.

关 键 词：猎巫运动 王权扩张 亨利八世 宗教改革 巡回法庭 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] B979[政治法律—中外政治制度] K561.3[哲学宗教—宗教学]