水稻和两种野生植物对酸性硫酸盐土耐性及矿质元素吸收  

Comparison of Rice Plants with Two Wild Plants in Tolerance to Acid Sulfate Soil and Absorption of Mineral Elements

作　　者：张玲玉 赵学强[1,3] 李家美 沈仁芳[1,3] ZHANG Lingyu;ZHAO Xueqiang;LI Jiamei;SHEN Renfang(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Life Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]河南农业大学生命科学院,郑州450002 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2020年第2期403-413,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672229);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-112-01-09)共同资助。

摘　　要：酸性硫酸盐土是发育于还原性硫化物成土母质的一种恶劣土壤类型,虽然其分布区气候条件十分有利于水稻生长,但由于土壤条件限制,水稻生产潜力难以发挥。为筛选出适应该土壤的水稻品种,在酸性硫酸盐土(pH 3.69)上种植了240个水稻品种,但是所有水稻品种均未获得经济产量,却发现两种野生植物在该土壤中生长茂盛。经形态和分子鉴定,两种野生植物为野荸荠(Eleocharis kuroguwai)和五棱飘拂草(Fimbristylis quinquangularis)。进一步分析了水稻和两种野生植物的根际和非根际土壤性质、根部和地上部矿质元素含量。结果表明,根际土壤pH、交换性铝和有效锰含量不能解释水稻和两种野生植物耐性差异,锰毒和缺氮亦不是酸性硫酸盐土限制植物生长的关键因子,而植物地上部矿质元素含量与植物耐性差异相关。铝毒、铁毒和较低的养分(磷、钾、钙、镁)吸收是酸性硫酸盐土中水稻生长不良的主要因子。相反,两种野生植物对铝毒和铁毒的耐性较强,对养分吸收能力较强,所以生长良好。【Objective】Acid sulfate soil is a type of soil developed from the parent material of reducing sulfide and is described as“the nastiest soils in the world”because of its strong acidity and poor plant growth.Acid sulfate soils are mainly distributed along the seacoast of tropical and subtropical regions,wherein the climate is though very suitable for growth of most crops,especially rice(Oryza sativa L.)because of their abundant water and heat resources,it is very hard to bring the production potential of rice into full play,due to their poor soil properties,such as acid threats,metal toxicity and nutrient deficiency.Plants,the same in family,but different in species or variety,vary significantly in capability to adapt to stress soils.Although most crop plants cannot grow in acid sulfate soils,some native plants can do very well.The objective of this study is to screen out rice cultivars that are capable to adapt to acid sulfate soils,and further to explore their underlying mechanisms.【Method】A total of 240 varieties of rice were planted in acid sulfate soil(pH 3.69)in Taishan City,Guangdong Province,China,and were managed as the local farmers do their crops.None met the target of economic yield.However,accidentally two species of wild plants,identified morphologically and molecularly as Eleocharis kuroguwai and Fimbristylis quinquangularis,were found growing flourishingly in the soil.During the rice harvest season,samples of the rice plants,wild plants,and their rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were collected for analysis of soil chemical properties(pH,exchangeable Al,and available Mn)and contents of 10 elements(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Na,Al,Fe,and Mn)in the roots and shoots.【Result】It was found that variation of soil chemical properties such as pH,exchangeable Al and available Mn,in rhizosphere could not explain the difference between the two wild plants and the rice plants in tolerance and that Mn toxicity and N deficiency were not the key factors that limited growth of the plants.Instead,the contents

关 键 词：酸性硫酸盐土 水稻 野荸荠 五棱飘拂草 金属毒害 养分缺乏 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]