机构地区:[1]河北广播电视大学农学院,石家庄050080 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001
出 处:《东北农业大学学报》2020年第2期26-34,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University
基 金:“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0300503)。
摘 要:以当地(河北省新乐地区)生产上常用品种先玉335为供试材料,分别设置6个处理:(40 cm×80 cm)/72000株·hm^-2、(40 cm×80 cm)/67500株·hm^-2、(40 cm×80 cm)/63000株·hm^-2、(60 cm×60 cm)/72000株·hm^-2、(60 cm×60 cm)/67500株·hm^-2、(60 cm×60 cm)/63000株·hm^-2,简称B1C1、B1C2、B1C3、B2C1、B2C2和B2C3,研究不同密度和行距对玉米生长特性、产量和籽粒营养成分的影响。结果表明,密度由63000株·hm^-2增至72000株·hm^-2,植株不断增高,茎粗变细,宽窄行较等行距更明显;叶片和茎秆干物质积累随密度升高而降低,而穗重则表现为中密度时最重且宽窄行优于等行距;叶绿素含量在中密度时促进产量提高,可溶性糖在吐丝后15 d(灌浆期)迅速升高,完熟期下降,蛋白含量则差异不明显,说明吐丝后15 d(灌浆期)是能量积累的关键时期,此外,叶面积指数随密度升高而增大,而叶片夹角则呈相反趋势,两种植方式变化趋势差异不明显;两种植方式下,中密度产量提高通过增加粒重实现,且宽窄行种植方式效果更为明显,籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量受密度和行距影响小,而中密度时粗脂肪、粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量较高且宽窄行优于等行距。由以上结果可知,先玉335宽窄行、67500株·hm^-2密度种植有利于构建合理群体结构,植株代谢旺盛并促进干物质积累,提高产量和籽粒营养成分,可为河北省山前平原区试点地区高产栽培提供参考。Taking the common variety of Xianyu335 in local production(Hebei Province,Xinle City and its surrounding areas)as the test material,set up six treatments of(40 cm×80 cm)/72000 plant·hm^-2,(40 cm×80 cm)/67500 plant·hm^-2,(40 cm×80 cm)/63000 plant·hm^-2,(60 cm×60 cm)/72000 plant·hm^-2,(60 cm×60 cm)/67500 plant·hm^-2,and(60 cm×60 cm)/63000 plant·hm^-2,respectively,abbreviated as B1C1,B1C2,B1C3,B2C1,B2C2 and B2C3,to study the effects of different densities and row spacings on growth characteristics,yield and grain nutrients of maize.The results showed that the density increased from 63000 plant·hm^-2 to 72000 plant·hm^-2,the plant grew higher,while the stem became thicker and thinner,on the other hand,wide and narrow row was more obvious than the equal row spacing;the dry matter accumulation of leaves and stem decreased with the increasing of density,while the panicle weight was the heaviest at the medium density and wide and narrow row was superior to the equal row spacing;chlorophyll content had positive effect for yield increasing at the medium density,soluble sugar increased rapidly during 15 days after spinning(the filling stage),decreased at the full ripening stage,but there was no significant difference with regard to protein content,it was showed that 15 days after spinning(the filling stage)was the critical period of energy accumulation,in addition,the leaf area index increased with the density increasing,but the angle of leaves showed opposite trend,besides the change trend between the two planting methods was not obvious;yield increased by increasing grain weight at the medium density and the effect of wide and narrow row was more obvious under the two planting methods;however,soluble sugar and starch content in the grain were not affected by density and row spacing,but crude fat,crude protein and lysine content were high at the medium density,and wide and narrow row was better than the equal row spacing.From the above results,wide and narrow row,and 67500 plant·hm^-2 density of Xianyu335 we
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