综放开采含硬夹矸顶煤破碎机理及控制技术研究  

Research on top-coal caving mechanism and control technology in extra-thick coal seam with hard dirt band

作　　者：冯宇峰 FENG Yufeng(Information Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部信息研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第3期133-139,共7页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家煤矿安全监察局资助项目(2018-151401-1)。

摘　　要：为解决含硬夹矸特厚煤层综放开采顶煤冒放性差、采出率低的问题,运用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等方法,建立了夹矸破断的均布载荷薄板力学模型,数值模拟比较分析了不同夹矸层数对顶煤破碎机理及冒放性的影响规律。同时,运用LS-DYNA3D显式动力分析程序模拟了不同装药方式、不同炮孔位置时的爆破作用效果,在此基础上提出了顶煤深孔预裂爆破、双轮间隔放煤等措施。研究结果表明:工作面中部滞后煤壁3~5 m为易拉伸破断区,两端头为易剪切破坏区,夹矸对顶煤冒放性的影响程度与其层数呈正相关,不耦合装药、炮孔位置位于夹矸内部时的爆破效果更好,实施顶煤弱化措施和优化采放工艺后,顶煤放出率提高至85%以上。研究成果对于指导特厚煤层综放开采生产实践、提高顶煤放出率具有指导意义。In order to solve the problems of poor top-coal caving and low recovery rate in fully-mechanized top-coal caving with with hard dirt band(sandwich),the research methods by using theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and field survey were used to establish a uniformly loaded thin plate mechanical model for sandwich breakage.The numerical simulation compares and analyzes the influence of different intercalated layers on the crushing mechanism and caving behavior of top-coal.Meanwhile,the LS-DYNA3 D explicit dynamic analysis program was used to simulate the effect of blasting under different charging methods and different blast hole positions.On this basis,measures such as top-coal’s deep hole pre-splitting blasting and double interval caving process were put forward.The results indicate that the tensile fracture area was located at 3~5 m posterior to the coal wall in the middle of the coal face,and the shear fracture area was located at the face end.The influence degree of dirt band to the top-coal’s cavibility is positively correlated with the number of layers.The blasting effect is better in decoupling charge and when the blastholes’position is inside the dirt band,top-coal recovery rate is increased to over 85%after implementing top-coal’s weakening measures and optimizing the mining process.The research results have guiding significance for guiding the production practice of fully-mechanized top-coal caving in extra-thick coal seams and improving the top-coal discharge rate.

关 键 词：薄板模型 硬夹矸 特厚煤层 顶煤破碎机理 深孔预裂爆破 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设]