冰下爆破预防冰坝的理论探索及实践  

Theory exploration and practice of preventing ice dam by blasting under ice

作　　者：杨开林[1] 郭新蕾[1] 王涛[1] 郭永鑫[1] 彭旭明[2] 吴煜楠 YANG Kailin;GUO Xinlei;WANG Tao;GUO Yongxin;PENG Xuming;WU Yunan(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Support Center Flood Control and Drought Relief of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]黑龙江省防汛抗旱保障中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《水利学报》2020年第2期127-139,共13页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1508402,2018YFC1508403);公益性行业科研专项(201501025);中国水科院科研专项(HY0145B642017);国家自然科学基金项目(51979291)。

摘　　要：把冰、水、热动力学理论与爆破效果相结合,提出了在冰坝易发点沿深泓线实施冰下爆破形成温度场预防冰坝灾害的理论,包括:爆破时间的选择,爆破孔的布置,爆破效果的估计,温度场水温及下游冰盖下水温的影响长度和冰盖融化速率的计算。黑龙江开江期冰下爆破的实践表明,爆破坑平均直径随炸药量的增加而增加,但在炸药量超过18 kg时,爆破坑平均直径随炸药量的增加变化不大;根据实测单位炸药量破碎的冰盖体积的效果,建议冰下爆破预防冰坝的单孔炸药量应不超过9 kg,包括冰盖厚度超过1 m的情况。Combining ice,water and thermal dynamics theory with blasting effect,the theory of forming temperature field to prevent ice dam disaster is put forward by blasting under ice along thalweg line at the prone point of ice dam,including the selection of blasting time,the arrangement of blasting holes,the esti mation of blasting effect,the calculation of the influence length of the temperature field water temperature and the downstream ice cover water temperature and the ice cover melting rate.The practice of ice blasting before ice cover breakup of Heilongjiang River shows that the diameter of the blasting pit increases with the increase of explosive quantity,but when the explosive quantity exceeds 18kg,the diameter of the blast ing pit does not change much with the increase of explosive quantity.According to the measured volume of ice cover broken per unit explosive amount,it is suggested that the explosive amount per hole should not exceed 9kg for blasting under ice,including the case where the thickness of ice cover exceeds 1 m.

关 键 词：冰下爆破 冰坝 爆破孔布置 温度场 影响长度 

分 类 号：TV875[水利工程—水利水电工程]