淡水湿地生态系统中微生物驱动氮转化过程研究进展  

Recent advances in microbe-driven nitrogen transformation in freshwater wetland ecosystems

作　　者：陈宏[1] 王泓 吴敏[2] 余关龙[1] 陈婧 刘达山 CHEN Hong;WANG Hong;WU Min;YU Guanlong;CHEN Jing;LIU Dashan(Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Basin Water Environmental Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学,水利工程学院,洞庭湖水环境治理与水生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [2]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利学报》2020年第2期158-168,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017SK2361);长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目(CX2019SS14,SJCX201937)。

摘　　要：淡水湿地在全球氮循环中发挥着重要作用,微生物驱动氮转化过程对于淡水湿地的自然净化功能及水体富营养化控制具有重要意义。近年来,随着分子生物学和生物信息学等技术的快速发展,湿地系统的氮转化功能菌群和微生物多样性等方面的研究取得了突破性进展。与此同时,受气候条件变化及人类活动影响,淡水湿地系统生境因子出现了复杂变化,进而影响了功能微生物及其氮转化途径。氮循环过程中产生的一氧化二氮(N2O)是仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)的第三大温室气体,与淡水湿地系统微生态及功能密切相关,其产生机理和影响因素也受到广泛关注。由于参与氮循环的微生物复杂多样、功能菌群协同作用机制不明,以及其受气候条件变化和人类活动影响显著,仍有必要深入研究淡水湿地系统的微生物驱动氮转化过程及机制。Freshwater wetland plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle.The microbe-driving ni trogen transformation is of great significance for fresh water self-purification and the control of eutrophica tion.In recent years,with rapid developments of molecular biology and bioinformatics technologies,function al microorganisms and microbial diversity researches in wetland ecosystems have made great achievements.Meanwhile,due to the changes of climate conditions and intensified human activities,the habitat factors of freshwater wetland system have undergone complex changes,which furtherly affect the functional microorgan isms and nitrogen transformation pathways.During nitrogen cycle,nitrous oxide(N2O)emitted is the third largest greenhouse gas following with carbon dioxide(CO2)and methane(CH4).Since it is closely related to the diversity and function of microorganisms,the formation mechanism and influence factors of N2O are also widely concerned in the system.Because of the complexity of nitrogen biotransformation and unclear synergistic mechanisms of functional microorganisms,and the susceptibility to climate change and human ac tivities,it is still necessary to study on the microbe-driven nitrogen transformation in freshwater wetland ecosystem.

关 键 词：淡水湿地 氮转化 氨氧化细菌 厌氧氨氧化 微生物 N2O 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]