正断层泥岩涂抹连续性饱和水砂箱物理模拟  

Water-saturated sandbox physical modeling of clay smear continuity in normal faults

作　　者：谢晓宁 景紫岩[3] 孟令东 冯军[1,2] 唐海氢 XIE Xiaoning;JING Ziyan;MENG Lingdong;FENG Jun;TANG Haiqing(School of Earth Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;Laboratory of CNPC Fault Controlling Reservoir,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;Northwest Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;Oil Recovery Plant No.3 of Huabei Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Hejian,Hebei 062450,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]东北石油大学CNPC断裂控藏实验室,黑龙江大庆163318 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国石油华北油田分公司第三采油厂,河北河间062450

出　　处：《东北石油大学学报》2020年第1期23-31,98,I0002,I0003,共12页Journal of Northeast Petroleum University

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金项目(41702156);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技管理部项目(2016D-0702)。

摘　　要：脆—韧性构造域泥岩涂抹的连续性影响油气的跨断层运移,在相似岩性和应力条件下,黏土层厚度和断距是泥岩涂抹连续性的主要影响因素。在野外勘测或地震勘探中,仅可观察到形成的断层,难以直接观察到断层的形成演化过程。为恢复泥岩涂抹及其断层的形成演化过程,开展无黏土层对照实验和不同黏土层厚度泥岩涂抹实验,运用PIV(粒子图像测速)等方法,评价泥岩涂抹的连续性。结果表明:对照实验中,最先形成初期逆断层和初期正断层,随后形成先导断层,最终断层传播至顶板和基底连线方向;泥岩涂抹实验中,先形成两条较陡的先导断层,再向沿顶板断层和基底断层连线方向传播;黏土层最先经受轻微旋转,随后断距增大但未错断,可作为盖层封闭油气,最终受剪切作用影响而在断层带中形成连续的泥岩涂抹。黏土层厚度越大,断距越小,形成的泥岩涂抹连续性越好,泥岩涂抹因数与最小涂抹厚度之间呈反比例关系。该结果可为脆—韧性构造域泥岩涂抹连续性及封闭性研究提供指导。The continuity of clay smear affects cross-fault migration of oil and gas in brittle-ductile structural domain.Under similar lithology and similar stress conditions,the thickness and fault throw of clay layers are the main influencing factors of clay smear continuity.In the field survey or seismic exploration,only formed faults can be observed,and it is difficult to directly observe the evolution of faults.Thus,in order to study the evolution process of clay smear and its related faults,as well as to evaluate the continuity of clay smear,PIV(particle image velocimetry)was used for analysis.The results demonstrate that,in comparison experiment,the initial reverse fault and the initial normal fault formed the earliest,then"precursor faults"appeared,propagating towards the line linking the roof fault and the basement fault;while in clay smear experiments,firstly two steep"precursor faults"formed,and then the faults propagated towards the line linking the roof fault and the basement fault;clay layers firstly showed slight rotation,and then fault throw increased but were still sealing as cap rock due to the fact that they were not broken,and finally continuous clay smear formed due to shearing in the fault zone.With the increase of clay layer thickness or decrease of fault throw,clay smear continuity was getting better,and relationship between SSF and minimum smear thickness was nearly an inverse proportional function.The results of this study can provide guidance for the study of continuity and fault sealing of clay smear in brittle-ductile structural domain.

关 键 词：泥岩涂抹 连续性 饱和水砂箱 物理模拟 正断层 断层封闭性 PIV 

分 类 号：TE122.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]