从政治竞争看宪法法院在亚洲的不同命运——对韩国、印尼和泰国的比较分析  

Different Fates of Constitutional Courts in Aisa under Perspective of Political Competition:A Comparison of South Korea,Indonesia and Thailand

作　　者：朱学磊 ZHU Xuelei(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2020年第1期89-111,157,共24页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第64批面上资助项目“合宪性审查的权力配置研究”(2018M641584);中国社会科学院博士后创新项目“立法合宪性审查制度资源的整合方案研究”(ZBH20191026)。

摘　　要：作为西方国家法治进步的产物,宪法法院在20世纪后期陆续进入亚洲国家,成为民主转型过程中重要的制度设计,但其实际效果却存在差异。韩国宪法法院在功能上呈现"多点开花"的态势,在民主、法治和人权等领域均表现良好。印尼宪法法院成功解决了总统选举过程中的争议,维护了基本的民主规则。相比之下,泰国宪法法院则经历了"高开低走"的蜕变。它在成立初期相对较好地履行了宪法赋予的职责,2006年之后却越来越深入地卷入到政治斗争之中,丧失了独立品格,做出了一系列明显违反法治精神的判决。对此,既有解释存在"西方中心主义"的弊端,而且难以同时解释宪法法院在建立和运行两个阶段的不同情况。作为一种以民主转型国家实践经验为基础的学说,政治竞争理论因其内生性、系统性的视角而具有更强的解释力。以该理论视角观察宪法法院在韩国、印尼和泰国的不同命运,在验证其科学性的同时,可以发现其中隐含的前提条件及其适用范围的有限性。As a product of western advanced countries in rule of law area,constitutional court which was regarded as an important system design during democracy transition process,has been generally accepted by Asian countries since late 20 th century.However,effects of constitutional courts were different among these countries.In South Korea,constitutional court has shown good performances in democracy,rule of law and human rights protection.The constitutional court of Indonesia successfully resolved disputes about presidential elections and safeguarded baseline of democracy.By contrast,development tendency of Thailand’s constitutional court has shown a parabola path.At the beginning,Thailand’s constitutional court has fulfilled its constitutional duties.However,because of deep participation of political battles,it has gradually lost its independence.Compared with other theories,the political competition theory can help us understand the different effects of constitutional courts more clearly.After re-understanding developments of constitutional courts in these three countries,we may find some implicit prerequisites and the boundary of political competition theory.As a product of western advanced countries in rule of law area,constitutional court which was regarded as an important system design during democracy transition process,has been generally accepted by Asian countries since late 20 th century.However,effects of constitutional courts were different among these countries.In South Korea,constitutional court has shown good performances in democracy,rule of law and human rights protection.The constitutional court of Indonesia successfully resolved disputes about presidential elections and safeguarded baseline of democracy.By contrast,development tendency of Thailand’s constitutional court has shown a parabola path.At the beginning,Thailand’s constitutional court has fulfilled its constitutional duties.However,because of deep participation of political battles,it has gradually lost its independence.Compared with

关 键 词：宪法法院 政治竞争 宪法审查 政党政治 韩国 印尼 泰国 

分 类 号：D733.21[政治法律—政治学]