基于热水解的厌氧消化污泥对沙土养分调节及细菌群落的影响  

Effects of anaerobic digestion sludge based on thermal hydrolysis on nutrients and bacterial communities in sandy soil

作　　者：魏琳琳 马富亮 李伟[1,2] 付兴民 文洋[1,2] 王佳伟 WEI Lin-lin;MA Fu-liang;LI Wei;FU Xing-min;WEN Yang;WANG Jia-wei(Beijing Drainage Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Water Resources Engineering&Technology Research Center,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司,北京100124 [2]北京市污水资源化工程技术研究中心,北京100124

出　　处：《环境生态学》2020年第4期85-93,共9页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：“十三五”水专项“污泥高级厌氧消化处理处置技术路线工程实证与优化”(2017ZX07403002-05);北京市科委课题“水环境技术创新中心”(Z191100001719008)联合资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨基于热水解的厌氧消化污泥的施用对沙质土壤养分调节、重金属污染情况及土壤细菌群落结构的影响,通过黑枸杞植株盆栽种植方式,设置5种污泥施肥比例:干基0 t/亩(HGQ-CK)、0.5 t/亩(HGQ-1)、1 t/亩(HGQ-2)、2 t/亩(HGQ-3)、4 t/亩(HGQ-4),每6个月采集样品一次,共采样2次,对土壤养分、重金属、细菌群落进行研究。结果表明:土壤pH值与热水解-厌氧消化污泥施肥量呈反比,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、铵态氮及硝态氮含量与污泥施肥量呈正比;5种施肥量的土壤全钾含量均无显著差异,且随着种植时间延长,同一处理的土壤全钾含量明显下降,HGQ-3的速效钾含量显著高于其他施肥量;热水解-厌氧消化污泥施用后的土壤8种重金属(铬、镉、汞、铅、镍、锌、砷、铜)含量均在限定标准内;HGQ-CK的土壤细菌群落Shannon指数、物种丰富度指数(HGQ-4除外)和物种均匀程度指数均显著低于其他4种施肥处理。得到结论:热水解-厌氧消化污泥的施用明显提高了沙质土土壤养分、土壤细菌群落多样性、物种丰富程度和物种组成的均匀程度,土壤养分等级达到2级以上,显著改善了沙质土壤的土壤品质;污泥施用后土壤重金属污染程度和潜在污染风险均偏低,处于安全状态。In order to investigate the effects of anaerobic digestion sludge based on thermal hydrolysis on nutrient regulation of sandy soil,pollution of heavy metals,and soil bacterial community structure.According to the potted planting method of black wolfberry plants,5 kinds of sludge fertilization ratios were set:0 t/mu(HGQ-CK),0.5 t/mu(HGQ-1),1 t/mu(HGQ-2),2 t/mu(HGQ-3),4 t/mu(HGQ-4).Samples were collected every 6 months,and sampling 2 times were taken to study soil nutrients,heavy metals,and bacterial communities.The results showed that the soil pH value was inversely proportional to the fertilization amount of thermal hydrolysisanaerobic digestion sludge,and the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen were directly proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied.There was no significant difference in the total potassium content of the five kinds of fertilizers,and with the extension of planting time,the total potassium of the same treatment significantly decreased,and the available potassium of HGQ-3 was significantly higher than the other fertilizers.The contents of eight heavy metals(chromium,cadmium,mercury,lead,nickel,zinc,arsenic,and copper)in the soil after the application of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion sludge are all within the limit.The Shannon index,species richness index and species uniformity index of HGQ-CK soil bacterial community were significantly lower than the other four fertilization treatments.The application of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion sludge significantly improved the soil nutrients,the diversity of soil bacterial communities,the species richness and the uniformity of species composition in sandy soil.After the application of sludge,the soil heavy metal pollution degree and potential pollution risk are low,and they are in a safe state.

关 键 词：污泥 沙土 养分 细菌群落 厌氧消化 热水解 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学] X703[医药卫生—基础医学]