从“事实”转向“法理”——《犹太民族国家法》与以色列国家属性的再界定  

From De Facto to De Jure:The Jewish Nation-State Law and the Redefinition of Israel’s National Attribute

作　　者：艾仁贵[1] Rengui Ai

机构地区：[1]河南大学以色列研究中心,开封475001

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第2期32-47,共16页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“以色列移民政策史研究”(批准号:17CSS013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代末、90年代初,以色列最高法院发起“宪政革命”,正式确立了“犹太国家”和“民主国家”的双重属性。进入21世纪以来,随着内外形势的变化,国家属性问题再度引起以色列社会的关注。从2011年起,多个不同版本的基本法草案被提交至以色列议会,要求确认以色列的犹太国家属性。经过长达7年的博弈,2018年7月19日,以色列议会以62票对55票通过《基本法:以色列——犹太人的民族国家》。该基本法出台后,在以色列国内外乃至国际社会引发了强烈反响,它表明以色列以多数主义统治为特征的族裔民族主义从含糊转向明确、从“事实”转向“法理”,代表着建国七十年以来以色列国家属性的再界定。In the late 1980s and early 1990s,the Israeli Supreme Court initiated a“constitutional revolution”,and officially established the dual national attributes of Israel as a“Jewish state”and a“democratic state”.Since the beginning of the 21st century,with the changes in both domestic and external situation,the issue of national attributes has once again attracted the attention of the Israeli society.Since 2011,a number of different versions of Basic Law proposal had been submitted to the Knesset,demanding confirmation of Israel as a Jewish state.After a seven-year game,on July 19 of 2018,the Knesset passed the Basic Law:Israe l-The Nation-State of the Jewish People with 62 votes in favor and 55 votes against.After the passage of the law,there was a strong reaction in Israel and the international community as well.The Basic Law has completed the transition from de facto to de jure,not only indicating that Israel’s ethnic nationalism characterized by majoritarianism has changed from vague to clear,but also representing a redefinition of Israel’s national attributes since its founding seventy years ago.

关 键 词：《犹太民族国家法》 以色列国家属性 犹太与民主国家 “宪政革命” 

分 类 号：D938.2[政治法律—法学] DD911