于阗王国之名新考  

A New Approach to the Names of the Ancient Kingdom of Khotan

作　　者：段晴[1] Duan Qing

机构地区：[1]北京大学东方文学研究中心

出　　处：《西域研究》2020年第1期79-89,171,172,共13页The Western Regions Studies

摘　　要：关于古代于阗王国之国名的讨论,并非学术界崭新的话题。但是,近年来,发现了更多新的文书,涵盖佉卢文、梵语、于阗语等。本文以新材料为佐证,重新考察了玄奘所谓于阗王国之"雅言""俗谓"背后的语言现象,并引用汉语音韵学家的观点,提出汉文史籍的"于窴""于阗"正是最古老的于阗王国的国号的音译。佉卢文的khotana以及梵语的khottana与"于阗"相承一脉。而玄奘笔下的"瞿萨旦那国",虽然有于阗建国传说的背景,但始终未见应用于官方、民间以及佛教文献。It is not a new subject for discussion about the name of the ancient Khotan Kingdom in academic world.While,it is necessary to reinvestigate due to the more new discoveries of ancient documents in recent years which were written with Kharosthi,Sanskrit,and Khotan languages etc.Using these new documents as evidence this article is to re-examine the linguistic phenomenon behind the terms of"elite language"(雅言)and"vulgar language"named by Xuan Zang.Citing the perspective of Chinese phonologists,this study proposes that"Yu-tian"(于窴)and"Yu-Tian"(于阗)appeared in Chinese historical records are the oldest pronunciation from the Han Chinese transliteration for the name of Khotan Kingdom."Khotana"in Kharosthi and Khottana in Sanskrit are in the same as"Yu-Tian"."Ju-Sa-Dan-Na Kingdom"used by Xuan Zang has never been seen in official or folk languages,neither the Buddhist documents.

关 键 词：雅言 瞿萨旦那 佉卢文 于阗语 匈奴 

分 类 号：K294.5[历史地理—历史学]