西方人类学国家表述范式述评  

Three Paradigms of"Expression of the State"in Western Anthropology and Their Theoretical Significance

作　　者：李元元 Li Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学民族社会学研究所,兰州730070 [2]复旦大学民族研究中心博士后流动站

出　　处：《民族研究》2019年第6期123-133,M0005,共12页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：内蒙古自治区社科规划重大项目“国家建设视域下民族区域自治的实践经验与现实发展研究”(项目编号:2018ZDA007)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文依据不同时代西方人类学家对“国家是什么”这一问题的不同回答,将西方人类学有关国家的表述划分为文化进化论、文化象征论和国家民族志等三种范式。文化进化论将国家视为社会复杂性的具象表达,文化象征论将国家视为特定文化观念的象征呈现,国家民族志则将国家视为权力实践的效应和结果。厘清西方人类学有关国家的多种表述,将长期以来为人们所忽视的人类学“国家”话语及其学理意义充分展示出来,可以为中国人类学国家研究提供参考、借鉴和比较的理论框架。Based on the different answers of western anthropologists to the question of"what is the state?",this paper classifies the state-related expressions of western anthropology into three paradigms:cultural evolutionism,cultural symbolism,and"the ethnography of the state."Cultural evolutionism regards the state as a concrete expression of social complexity;cultural symbolism regards the state as a symbolic representation of the particular cultural concept;and"the ethnography of the state"views the state as the effect and result of power practice.The paper provides a referable and comparable theoretical framework for the state study in anthropology of China by clarifying the various state-related expressions of western anthropology and showing the anthropological"state"discourse and their theoretical significance,which has been ignored for a long time.

关 键 词：国家 文化进化论 文化象征论 国家民族志 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]